Assessing the Impact of Green Spaces on Urban Residents' Well-being

Thesis Abstract

The rapid urbanization experienced globally has resulted in reduced availability and accessibility of green spaces within urban environments, raising concerns about their influence on residents' overall well-being. This study explores the relationship between green space accessibility and various dimensions of urban residents’ well-being, focusing specifically on mental health, physical health, social cohesion, and overall life satisfaction. The primary aim is to empirically assess how the presence, quality, and use of green spaces contribute to residents’ well-being and to identify the key factors mediating this relationship. The study also aims to contribute to urban planning strategies that enhance the integrative health benefits of green infrastructure. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to capture comprehensive insights. The quantitative component involved a cross-sectional survey administered to 1,200 residents across various neighborhoods within the metropolitan area, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across socio-economic statuses, age groups, and residential densities. Data collection was conducted via structured questionnaires measuring green space exposure, physical activity levels, mental health indicators (using the General Health Questionnaire-12), social cohesion scales, and overall life satisfaction. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 30 residents to explore personal perceptions and contextual factors influencing green space use. The validity and reliability of the survey instruments were established through expert review and pilot testing, achieving a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 for scales measuring well-being and social cohesion. Data analysis involved multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of well-being, ANOVA tests to compare well-being scores across different demographic groups, and thematic analysis for qualitative interview transcripts following Braun and Clarke’s methodology, to identify recurring themes related to green space benefits and barriers. It is anticipated that the findings will demonstrate a significant positive correlation between access to quality green spaces and improvements in mental health, physical activity, and social cohesion among urban residents. The results are expected to reveal that proximity to well-maintained green spaces, active engagement, and perceived safety are critical mediators of well-being outcomes. Furthermore, insights from qualitative interviews are projected to underpin contextual factors such as cultural perceptions and urban infrastructure challenges influencing green space utilization. This research advances existing theoretical frameworks by integrating Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory and Ulrich’s Stress Reduction Theory, providing nuanced understanding of the psychological benefits of green environments. It also addresses identified gaps in prior literature concerning diverse socio-economic contexts and the mediating role of personal and infrastructural factors. The study's contribution lies in its empirical evidence to inform urban policy and planning, emphasizing that well-designed and accessible green spaces constitute a vital element of public health strategies in densely populated settings. Policymakers and urban planners are thereby encouraged to prioritize green infrastructure investments that promote equitable access, safety, and community engagement. In conclusion, the findings will affirm the crucial role of green spaces in fostering holistic well-being among urban dwellers and will recommend integrated urban planning approaches that enhance green space distribution, quality, and usability. Future research avenues include longitudinal studies to examine long-term effects and experimental designs to test specific interventions aimed at optimizing green space benefits for diverse population groups. This study ultimately underscores the importance of green infrastructure as a strategic investment in urban health and social resilience.