Experimental investigation of sp flooding in central onshore of the niger delta
Table Of Contents
- TITLE PAGECERTIFICATIONDEDICATIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTTABLE OF CONTENTLIST OF TABLESLIST OF FIGURESABBREVIATIONSABSTRACTCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.0 Overview of Study1.1 Objectives of study1.2 Statement of problem1.3 Significance of Study1.4 Scope/Limitation of study1.5 Hypothesis1.6 Research questions1.7 Research methodologyCHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Why surfactant polymer flooding?
- 2.1 Review of surfactants2.
- 1.1Types of surfactants2.1.
- 1.1 Anionic surfactants2.1.
- 1.2 Non – ionic surfactants2.1.
- 1.3 Cationic surfactants2.1.
- 1.4 Zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants2.
- 1.2 Micro-emulsion and CMC2.
- 1.3 Phase behaviour2.1.
- 3.1 Phase behaviour observation2.
- 1.4 Surfactant Retention2.
- 1.5 Surfactant mechanisms2.1.
- 5.1 Interfacial tension2.1.
- 5.2 Capillary number2.
- 1.6 Surfactant flooding and types2.1.
- 6.1 Micellar/polymer flooding2.1.
- 6.2 Alkaline Surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding2.
- 1.7 Surfactant Evaluation2.2 Polymer/polymer flooding2.
- 2.1 Polymer2.
- 2.2 Types of polymer2.2.
- 2.1 Synthetic polymers2.2.
- 2.2 Biopolymers2.
- 2.3 Characteristics of polymers used for IOR processes2.2.
- 3.1 Hydratibility2.2.
- 3.2 Rheology2.
- 2.4 Polymer flooding2.3 Polymer augmented surfactant flooding2.4 Successful applications and researches so far2.
- 4.1 Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC2.
- 4.2 Dagang Oilfield2.
- 4.3 Other research work on SP floodingCHAPTER THREE:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.0 Research methodology3.1 Materials and equipment used3.2 Cores3.3 Preparation of reagents3.
- 3.1 Brine preparation3.
- 3.2 Chemical slug preparation3.4 Crude oil properties3.5 Experimental set-up3.6 Determining porosity3.7 Experimental procedureCHAPTER:RESULT AND DISCUSSION4.0 Results and discussion.
- 4.1 Oil flooding (drainage)
- 4.2 Water-flooding.
- 4.3 Experiment 1 – Core A4.4 Experiment 2 – Core B4.5 Experiment 3 – Core T4.6 Experiment 4 – Core R4.7 DiscussionCHAPTER FIVE:CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION5.0 Conclusions and recommendation5.1 Recommendations.
Thesis Abstract
With ever increase in crude oil demand and the presently low cost per barrel, it is highly uneconomical for new exploration, thus there is now need to maximise recovery from the existing reservoir. Surfactant Polymer flooding is an improved oil recovery that can mobilise more oil to the surface from an oil reservoir.
In this paper, we investigated the potential application of SP flooding in a shallow oil reservoir X, located in the Central-Onshore of the Niger Delta. Four different rocks were used namely; ROBU synthetic cores (2 different porosity and permeability classes), a widely accepted model rock (Bentheimer sandstone) and a low permeability-high porosity reservoir rocks (obtained from the Central Onshore of the Niger Delta) were used..Hengfloc 63020 polymer in combination with Shell Enordet O242 surfactant (supplied by Shell research centre) constituted the slug used in this work. The reservoir condition was simulated using the reservoir oil and low salinity brine of 2300ppm.
Initial water-flooding experiments were carried out on the crude oil sample at surface conditions, which was followed by surfactant-polymer flooding at same conditions. Furthermore, analysis of the effluent collected during the experiment was carried out to determine oil recovery.
The results show that firstly, SP flooding can mobilize substantial amount of by-passed oil in the reservoir after the water-flooding. Secondly, a remarkable increase in oil recovery when compared with the literature data shows its applicability in the reservoir of interest. Recovery of above 37% of the OIIP and displacement efficiency of over 50% was recorded.
Accordingly, surfactant-polymer recovery technique is applicable in the Niger Delta, and similar depositional environments. Thus, the practice of abandoning depleted reservoirs in this region can be replaced by using surfactant-polymer flooding to recover residual oil entrapped in the reservoirs.
KEYWORDS Oil recovery, surfactant-polymer flooding, chemical slug, polymer, surfactant, chemical enhanced oil recovery, displacement efficiency, Niger delta crude.
Thesis Overview
<p> </p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><h3><strong>1.0 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY</strong></h3><p>For most of the oilfields in the world, at least half of the reserved oil is left behind after the primary (natural flow) method is exhausted.Numerous techniques have been established inthe past decades aiming to enhance the energy of the viscous fingered/channelled reservoirs after extensive water injection to improve oil recovery. This process is called improved oil recovery (IOR). Among all the IOR techniques, surfactant- polymer flooding is one of the most promising techniques because of its effectiveness in improving displacement efficiency.</p><br> <br><p></p>Blazingprojects Mobile App
📚 Over 50,000 Research Thesis
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Thesis-to-Journal Publication
🎓 Undergraduate/Postgraduate Thesis
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery
Related Research
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Profiles in Traditional versus Modern Gluten-Fre...
This research explores the nutritional differences between traditional gluten-free breads and modern gluten-free breads, which are increasingly popular among pe...
Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Murals in Expressing Community Identity...
This research explores how murals in urban and rural areas serve as visual statements that reflect the unique identity and culture of their communities. Murals ...
Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Land Use Planning Efficiency...
This research focuses on comparing how effectively land use planning is carried out in urban and rural areas. Land use planning involves organizing how land is ...
Comparative Analysis of Identity Themes in Modernist and Postcolonial Novels...
This research explores the way identity is portrayed and developed in modernist and postcolonial novels, comparing how these two literary movements handle theme...
Comparative Analysis of Silicon and Wide-Bandgap Power Devices Efficiency...
This research focuses on comparing silicon and wide-bandgap power devices in terms of their efficiency. Power devices are crucial components in many electronic ...
Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Income Inequalities in Economic Growth...
This research aims to compare how income levels and income disparities between urban and rural areas influence overall economic growth. In many countries, econo...
Comparative Analysis of Economic Literacy among University Students in Urban and Rur...
This research explores the level of economic literacy among university students, comparing those who attend universities in urban areas with those in rural area...
Comparative Analysis of Psoriasis Severity and Quality of Life in Urban and Rural Pa...
This research focuses on comparing how severe psoriasis is and how it affects the quality of life of patients living in urban areas versus those in rural areas....
Comparative Analysis of Toothpaste Efficacy on Dental Caries Prevention in Adults...
This research aims to compare the effectiveness of different types of toothpaste in preventing dental caries (tooth decay) among adults. Dental caries is a comm...
