Susceptibilities of salmonella typhi and other bacterial pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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Susceptibilities of salmonella typhi and other bacterial pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Antibiotics
  • 2.2History of Antibiotic Resistance
  • 2.3Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
  • 2.4Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella Typhi
  • 2.5Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Other Bacterial Pathogens
  • 2.6Introduction to Hibiscus Sabdariffa
  • 2.7Health Benefits of Hibiscus Sabdariffa
  • 2.8Antibacterial Properties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extracts
  • 2.9Previous Studies on Antibiotic-Hibiscus Sabdariffa Interactions
  • 2.10Gaps in Existing Literature

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Design
  • 3.2Sampling Methods
  • 3.3Data Collection Procedures
  • 3.4Variables and Measurements
  • 3.5Data Analysis Techniques
  • 3.6Ethical Considerations
  • 3.7Research Limitations
  • 3.8Research Validity and Reliability

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of Research Findings
  • 4.2Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Results
  • 4.3Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract Effects on Bacterial Growth
  • 4.4Comparison of Antibiotic and Extract Effects
  • 4.5Statistical Analysis of Data
  • 4.6Discussion on Implications of Findings
  • 4.7Comparison with Existing Literature
  • 4.8Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Summary of Findings
  • 5.2Conclusion
  • 5.3Contributions to Knowledge
  • 5.4Practical Implications
  • 5.5Recommendations for Practice
  • 5.6Recommendations for Policy
  • 5.7Areas for Future Research
  • 5.8Final Thoughts

Thesis Abstract

The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to 50%, 70% and 60% of the antibiotics respectively.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all antibiotics. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (0.6g in 6ml of sterile distilled water) was active against S. typhi at concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml (inhibitions zone diameter IZDs = 23mm, 20mm and 16mm respectively). Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 29mm, 18mm, 17mm and 14mm respectively. Klebsiella spp was susceptible to concentrations of 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 15mm and 10mm respectively. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasaeruginosa were resistant to all the concentrations of H. sabdariffa extract. It is therefore imperative to note that the use of medicinal plants is recommended to the Government and Industry


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