HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ATTENDING CLINIC AT UNTH ITUKU OZALLA | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ATTENDING CLINIC AT UNTH ITUKU OZALLA

 

Table Of Contents


  • Title page……………………………………………………….i Certification…………………………………………………….ii Dedication………………………………………………………iii Acknowledgement………………………………………………iv Table of content…………………………………………………v List of table……………………………………………………..vii Abstract…………………………………………………………viii 1.0

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction………………………………………………….1
  • 1.2Objectives……………………………………………………4 2.0

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Mode of transmission and risk factors ………………………..5
  • 2.2Pathogenesis and incubation period…………………………..7
  • 2.3Epidemiology…………………………………………………8
  • 2.4Signs and symptoms………………………………………….9
  • 2.5Diagnosis……………………………………………………..9
  • 2.6Prevention and control………………………………………11
  • 2.7Treatment……………………………………………………12
  • 2.8Hepatitis C virus and pregnancy…………………………….12
  • 2.9Hepatitis C virus and HIV……………………………………16 3.0

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Material……………………………………………………..18
  • 3.2Study population……………………………………………18
  • 3.3Sample collection…………………………………………..18
  • 3.4Method……………………………………………………..18 4.0

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Results………………………………………………………20 5.0

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Discussion………………………………………………….26
  • 5.2Conclusion………………………………………………….26
  • 5.3Recommendation……………………………………………27 References………………………………………………………28 List of tables
  • 4.1Age distribution of HCV in pregnant women……………..22
  • 4.2Sex distribution of HCV in PLWHA………………………23
  • 4.3Age distribution of HCV in male HIV patients……………24
  • 4.4Age distribution of HCV in female HIV patients………….25

Thesis Abstract

A total of 50 blood (30 pregnant and 20 HIV) samples were obtained from pregnant women and PLWHA attending clinic at UNTH Ituku-ozalla. Samples were screened for hepatitis c viral infection using the rapid one step hepatitis C virus test strip. Two (6.66%) pregnant women were positive and four (20%) HIV patients were positive for Hepatitis C, giving an overall prevalence rate of (26.7%). The infection was the same in male (3) and in female (3). Those aged 23-34 years recorded a higher prevalence of (20%) than those in the age group 19-23. This higher prevalence of hepatitis C suggests that pregnant women and PLWHA may be at risk of hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus. Therefore routine screening of pregnant women and PLWHA should be instituted for early diagnosis and management of cases.

Thesis Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTIONHepatitis C infection is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is one of several viruses that can cause hepatitis. ‘Hepatitis’ means inflammation of the liver (Ryan and Ray,2004). It is unrelated to the other common hepatitis viruses (for example, hepatitis A or hepatitis B). HCV is a member of the hepacivirus genus in the family Flaviviridae. There are at least six distinctly different strains of the virus which have different genetic profiles (genotypes). In the U. S., genotype 1 is the most common form of HCV. Even within a single genotype there may be some variations (genotype 1a and 1b, for example). Genotyping is important to guide treatment because some viral genotype respond better to therapy than others (Wilkins et al. 2009). STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS:-
It has been known and recognized that some of the problems of computerization of office functions range from lack of qualified staff to manage the computers and inadequate electricity to the displacement of manual work, this creating unemployment, embezzlement of public fund and computer robbing.
Decisions affecting computerization of office functions are I theoretical by an obvious fact and subjective judgment of most firms, individuals and government agencies.
The chief executive of a firm or government may have some of needs that may require the installation of computer system in such organization but such need may only be part or an aspect of the entire need of the firm of organization. On the other hand there may be other benefits the firm’s may be exposed to if it falls to computerize the office functions.On this note, therefore the problems are to identify the difficulties many firms, individuals and government agencies find themselves for having computerized their office functions. I t equally expected that this study will go long way to establish or identify the relationship between computerization of office functions and the functions and the overall performance of the organization with respect to efficiency productivity and employment of both human and material resources.

PURPOSE OF STUDY:

This study attempts to investigation to the following points
  • To enhance the extent to which computerization reduced the cost of business services.
  • To know the extent had computerization had led to efficient information storage.
  1. To know how computerization of office function can reduce the time wastage for customers.
  2. Has computerization help in office function.
  3. Also to know how workers use to consider computerization services.
 RESEARCH QUESTION:How does the development of computer reduce the cost o f office services?2.To what extent has computerization led to loss of job and Dehumanization in your organization?do you believe that of office functions reduce the timw wastage for customer’s satisfactions
  1. How workers use to consider computerization services in the organization?
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:Computerization is very important for the development of our business organizations.The study of the effects if computerization of office function in selected organization in Aguata L.G.A is importance in the following ways:
  1. The study would help to discover the factors militating against computerization of office function.
  2. It would also enable the researcher suggest appropriate way of improving computerization of organizations in Selected business Organization in Aguata Local Government Area.
  3. It would as well acquaint the managers of business organizations with the knowledge of the sources of problems these figure head in business organization will able to design measure which will ensure greater efficiency in the execution of their duties so that maximum results are realizes at the end.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:Software: a diskette/drive flash used in storing information.Hardware: The machine that process the information stored in the software system. A combination of eliminates, their attributes and interrelationships.Third Party Application: This is a program already made to fit the computer.Turnkey system: A combination of hardware and software which is required to meet a particular business need.

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