SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND OTHER BACTERIAL PATHOGENS TO ANTIBIOTICS AND HOT AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND OTHER BACTERIAL PATHOGENS TO ANTIBIOTICS AND HOT AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of study
  • 1.5Limitation of study
  • 1.6Scope of study
  • 1.7Significance of study
  • 1.8Structure of the research
  • 1.9Definition of terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens
  • 2.2Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
  • 2.3Importance of studying antibiotic susceptibility
  • 2.4Hibiscus sabdariffa as a natural remedy
  • 2.5Antibacterial properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa
  • 2.6Previous research on antibiotic susceptibility
  • 2.7Current trends in antibiotic resistance
  • 2.8Impact of antibiotic misuse
  • 2.9Alternatives to antibiotics
  • 2.10Future directions in antibiotic research

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research design
  • 3.2Sampling methods
  • 3.3Data collection techniques
  • 3.4Data analysis procedures
  • 3.5Ethical considerations
  • 3.6Research limitations
  • 3.7Data validity and reliability
  • 3.8Research assumptions

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of research findings
  • 4.2Antibiotic susceptibility testing results
  • 4.3Comparison of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract with antibiotics
  • 4.4Factors influencing bacterial susceptibility
  • 4.5Interpretation of findings
  • 4.6Discussion on implications of results
  • 4.7Recommendations for future research
  • 4.8Limitations of the study

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Summary of research findings
  • 5.2Conclusion
  • 5.3Contributions to the field
  • 5.4Implications for public health
  • 5.5Recommendations for practice
  • 5.6Suggestions for further research
  • 5.7Final thoughts

Thesis Abstract

The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to 50%, 70% and 60% of the antibiotics respectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all antibiotics. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (0.6g in 6ml of sterile distilled water) was active against S. typhi at concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml (inhibitions zone diameter IZDs = 23mm, 20mm and 16mm respectively). Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 29mm, 18mm, 17mm and 14mm respectively. Klebsiella spp was susceptible to concentrations of 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 15mm and 10mm respectively. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasaeruginosa were resistant to all the concentrations of H. sabdariffa extract. It is therefore imperative to note that the use of medicinal plants is recommended to the Government and Industry.

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