Distribution of abo and rh (d) blood groups and associated traits
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Blood Groups
- 2.2History of ABO Blood Group System
- 2.3Rh (D) Blood Group System
- 2.4Genetics of Blood Groups
- 2.5Distribution of ABO Blood Groups
- 2.6Distribution of Rh (D) Blood Groups
- 2.7Associated Traits with ABO Blood Groups
- 2.8Associated Traits with Rh (D) Blood Groups
- 2.9Importance of Blood Group Typing
- 2.10Recent Research in Blood Group Studies
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Methodology Overview
- 3.2Research Design and Approach
- 3.3Data Collection Methods
- 3.4Sampling Techniques
- 3.5Data Analysis Procedures
- 3.6Ethical Considerations
- 3.7Research Limitations
- 3.8Research Validity and Reliability
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Overview of Findings
- 4.2Distribution Patterns of ABO Blood Groups
- 4.3Distribution Patterns of Rh (D) Blood Groups
- 4.4Association of Blood Groups with Traits
- 4.5Statistical Analysis Results
- 4.6Discussion on Findings
- 4.7Comparison with Previous Studies
- 4.8Future Research Directions
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Conclusion and Summary
- 5.2Recap of Research Objectives
- 5.3Summary of Findings
- 5.4Implications of the Study
- 5.5Recommendations for Practice
- 5.6Suggestions for Further Research
Thesis Abstract
In the last five decades, genetic structure of populations are being studied in via ABO blood groups system, mtDNA and Y chromosome makers to understand history of human migration and relatedness of ethnic groups settled in close proximity. In the present study, the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups and associated traits among various ethnic groups in Kogi State was analysed to determine the genetic composition of various ethnic groups. The study was carried out using students of Kogi State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Obangede. Participants for the study included 1,863 students of the college (1,427 females and 436 males) aged 16-40 years. The study is both retrospective and prospective. Records of admitted students into the college spanning 11 years (2002–2013) consecutively were retrospectively and prospectively collected from the various record units of the College. ABO, Rh blood group and Hb-electrophoresis tests were carried out on a white porcelain tile using blood grouping antisera and Hb-electrophoresis machine. From the 1,863 records reviewed for the ABO blood group, the phenotypic frequencies were highest for ABO*O (965, 51.80%) followed by ABO*B (404, 21.70%). The frequencies for ABO*A was observed as (379, 20.30%), whereas the frequency of ABO*AB group was observed to be lowest (115, 9.00%). It was observed that ABO*O > ABO*B > ABO*A > ABO*AB for each sex. The same pattern was observed for all the ethnic groups with a slight deviation in Bassa and Nupe where group A>B. The distribution of Rh antigen shows that Rh D positive was the highest with 1,755 (94.20%) while Rh D Negative was the lowest with 108 (5.8%). The genotypic frequency for haemoglobin was discovered to be highest for AA 1,095(58.50%) followed by AS 768 (41.00%) SS was observed to be comparatively very low 9(0.50%). The present study reveals association of ABO with malaria, hepatitis and level of academic performance of the subjects. There is also a weak association with birth order, BMI, height and weight. The result from this study is in line with the observed trend in other studies in Nigeria and also suggest that the ABO blood group disease association may affect more of metabolic than infectious diseases.
Thesis Overview
<p> </p><p><strong>Background of Study</strong></p><p>Blood is defined as ―the red viscous fluid that circulates round the body supplying O2 and nutritive substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to the tissues, returns CO2 to the lungs and other products of metabolism to the kidneys, functions in the regulation of body temperature, and distributes hormones and other agents that regulate cell function‖ (Saladin, 2003; Barrett et al., 2010). Blood has always had a special mystique. From time immemorial, people have seen blood flow in the body and with it, the life of individual depends. People thus presumed that blood carried a mysterious ―vital force,‖ and Roman gladiators drank it to fortify themselves for battle. From ancient Egypt to nineteenth-century America, physicians drained ―bad blood‖ from their patients to treat everything from gout to headaches, from menstrual cramps to mental illness (Saladin, 2003). ―Blood group‖ can be defined as inherited allogeneic variation detected on the surface of blood cells (Daniels, 2002). The term applies to a defined system of red blood cell antigens (blood group substances) controlled by a genetic locus having a variable number of alleles e.g. A, B, and O in the ABO system (Murray et al., 2003; Daniels, 2002). The blood group is determined by the genetic make-up of the alleles of a system (Bakare et al., 2006; Bhuvnesh et al., 2011). There are at least other 29 known blood groups with a total of more than 240 antigens, including the MN, Duffy, Kell, Kidd, and Lewis groups (Storry and Olsson, 2004). These rarely cause transfusion reactions. The Kell, Kidd, and Duffy groups occasionally cause</p> <br><p></p>Blazingprojects Mobile App
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