Assessing Urban Green Space Accessibility and Its Impact on Resident Well-being

Thesis Abstract

Urban green spaces are essential components of sustainable city development, contributing significantly to environmental quality and residents' quality of life; however, disparities in accessibility often undermine their potential benefits. This study investigates the relationship between urban green space accessibility and resident well-being within the metropolitan context of Rivertown, a rapidly urbanizing city facing increasing environmental and social challenges. The primary aim is to assess how spatial accessibility to green spaces influences various dimensions of well-being, including physical health, mental health, and social cohesion. To achieve this, three specific objectives are set (1) to quantify green space accessibility using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and space syntax analysis, (2) to evaluate residents' perceived accessibility and usage patterns through structured questionnaires, and (3) to analyze the impact of green space accessibility on well-being indicators employing multivariate regression analysis. The research employs a mixed-methods design integrating spatial analysis with household surveys. The study population comprises residents aged 18–65 in the central and peripheral districts of Rivertown, with a sample size of 1,200 households selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across socio-economic strata. Quantitative data on accessibility are collected via GIS layers, including green space locations, transportation networks, and demographic data, while survey instruments incorporate standardized scales for physical health (SF-12), mental well-being (WHO-5), and social cohesion (Onyx and Bliess’ Social Cohesion Scale). Reliability and validity of questionnaires are established through Cronbach’s alpha (>0.80) and exploratory factor analysis. Data analysis involves GIS spatial metrics such as proximity, density, and connectivity measures, alongside multiple regression models to identify the determinants of well-being, with model diagnostics conducted to ensure robustness. The study anticipates findings that demonstrate a positive correlation between green space accessibility and resident well-being, with closer proximity, higher green space density, and better connectivity significantly predicting improved physical and mental health outcomes, as well as enhanced social cohesion. It is expected that socio-economic variables will modify these relationships, with more disadvantaged groups experiencing greater benefits from green space access. These results are likely to reinforce the theoretical framework grounded in the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and the Biophilia Hypothesis, which posit that exposure to nature enhances psychological restoration and health. This research contributes novel empirical evidence by integrating spatial analytics with well-being metrics in an underserved urban setting, addressing gaps related to the socio-spatial inequalities in green space access. It advances understanding of how urban planning and policy can mitigate disparities, emphasizing spatial equity as a determinant of public health. The findings will inform sustainable urban development strategies and promote equitable access to green infrastructure. The main conclusion underscores the critical importance of equitable green space distribution for enhancing resident well-being in growing cities. It recommends policymakers prioritize spatial planning interventions that increase green space accessibility through equitable distribution, improved transit connectivity, and community engagement initiatives. Additionally, the study advocates for incorporating spatial accessibility metrics into urban health planning and emphasizes the need for further research into longitudinal impacts and the role of urban design features in mediating these relationships. Ultimately, this research underscores the integral role of accessible green spaces in fostering healthier, more resilient urban communities.