A Framework for Analyzing Urban Green Space Accessibility and Social Equity

Thesis Abstract

Urban green spaces (UGS) are vital components of sustainable cities, significantly influencing residents' quality of life, environmental health, and social cohesion. Despite the acknowledged benefits, disparities persist in access to UGS across different socio-economic groups, often exacerbating social inequities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study aims to develop a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing the accessibility of urban green spaces and its implications for social equity, thereby facilitating evidence-based urban planning and policy formulation. The specific objectives include identifying spatial and socio-economic determinants of green space accessibility, evaluating the relationship between accessibility and social inclusion, and proposing a model to guide equitable distribution of green amenities within cityscapes. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative spatial analysis with qualitative ethnographic insights. The population comprises residents of the metropolitan area of Longview City, with a target sample size of 500 households selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across income levels, age groups, and residential neighbourhoods. Quantitative data on green space locations, sizes, and proximity were obtained from Geographic Information System (GIS) layers provided by the city’s urban planning department. Socio-demographic data were collected via structured questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. Qualitative insights were gathered via focus group discussions with 10 community stakeholder groups, analyzed thematically to explore perceptions, usage patterns, and barriers related to green space access. The primary analytical techniques include spatial accessibility measures such as the Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method, multiple regression analysis to examine socio-economic and spatial predictors, and Factor Analysis to identify underlying dimensions of perceived accessibility. To understand the influence of accessibility on social inclusion, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be employed, testing the hypothesized relationships among variables aligned with theories from Environmental Justice and the Social Production of Space. Validity and reliability are addressed through pre-tested questionnaires, cross-validation of GIS data, and triangulation between quantitative and qualitative findings. Expected findings indicate significant spatial and socio-economic disparities in UGS access, with lower-income and minority populations experiencing limited proximity and quality of green spaces. The analysis is anticipated to reveal strong correlations between accessibility indicators and measures of social cohesion, health, and well-being, supporting the premise of environmental justice concerns. The developed framework aims to integrate spatial, social, and perceptual factors to accurately capture the multidimensional nature of green space accessibility and its equitable distribution. This study’s contribution to knowledge lies in its interdisciplinary approach, combining spatial analysis with social theory to create a novel, adaptable framework for urban policymakers and planners. It extends existing literature by explicitly linking accessibility metrics with social equity outcomes and offers a practical decision-support tool for urban sustainability initiatives. The study concludes that equitable green space distribution requires targeted spatial planning that considers both physical proximity and socio-economic barriers. Policy recommendations include implementing inclusive zoning policies, investing in underserved neighborhoods, and incorporating community perceptions into green infrastructure planning. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts of green space interventions and extend the framework to different urban contexts. Overall, the study underscores the essential role of integrated, socially conscious planning in fostering equitable access to urban green amenities, ultimately contributing to more inclusive and sustainable cities.