The effects of slum on rental property values

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p><strong>1.0 INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p><strong>1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>According to historical accounts (Leadership Newspaper), Asata, Coal camp, New market, Ogui urban including Obiagu areas of the city belongs to Ogui Nike people. But during the colonial era, the white men started developing parts of the land owned by the Ogui Nike people. That explains why Obiagu is presently inhabited by people from almost the five south east states namely; Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Imo and even the present day Enugu state.</p><p>Also a portion of Obiagu was then inhabited by the Hausa community, who came to the city as either cattle dealers or artisans. But following the events leading to the outbreak of the Nigeria Biafra war in 1967, a good number of Hausa men living in the area left for their different states in the north and never returned to the area, then the community was taken over by Nigerians from other ethnic groups, particularly Igbo, yet it still answer “Ama Hausa” [house of Hausa community], but has refused to shed its toga of a ghetto. When police or other security agencies are looking for suspected criminals, they usually gear their search light on obiagu, because of the belief that it is a criminal infested area (Ubani, 2012).</p><p>Most housing decay and deterioration comes in various forms and their existence is more evident in densely populated parts of the city. Some of the characteristics of slum include inadequate and deficient facilities obsolete buildings, filthy environment, etc. Much concern was been shown about the problems of the slum areas particularly on the level of decay exhibited by such areas and the plight of the low income households which dwell in them, this put lives and health of the residents in danger.</p><p>Obiagu experienced a large rapid population growth because of the influx of people from different part of the east as a result of the development from the colonial era, hence houses constructed of hands materials sprang up all over the settlement. Thus, the area is crowded with poor housing structures most disorderly located. The settlement has now grown and developed in an unplanned manner resulting in the deterioration of the values of the property and social status of the estate environment.</p><p>Therefore, the main aim of the study is to examine the effects of slum on rental property values in Obiagu.</p><p><strong>1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM</strong></p><p>Obiagu is characterized by slum, where the structure are blighted, high level of occupancy mostly low income group, over crowding, under supply of public amenities, bad roads, this is the basis for this research work, trying to examine the effects of slum on the values of property, located their and also to show or establish that slum development is the major set back in urban growth/development.</p><p><strong>1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>The aim of the study is to examine the effects of slum on rental property values in Obiagu. To achieve this aim, the following objectives were raised, they are:</p><ol><li>To identify the causes and effects of slum on rental property values in the study area.</li><li>To establish the negative and positive effects of slum on rental property values in the study area.</li><li>To establish whether slum environment makes investment in real estate and property market transactions, a viable venture.</li><li>To then recommend the best and possible strategy towards eradicating the slum of obiagu area and hence create a suitable environment that will enhance the property value in the areas.</li></ol><p><strong>1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION</strong></p><p>In spite to identify, the research problem earlier stated, some questions have been raised by the researcher; it is believed that when right answers are provided for these questions it will lead to the achievement of the objectives of the study.</p><p>The questions are as follows:</p><ol><li>What are the causes and effects of slum on rental property values in Obiagu?</li><li>Are there any negative and positive impacts of slum on rental property values?</li><li>Will investment in real estate and property market transactions in Obiagu be a viable venture?</li></ol><p><strong>1.5 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>This research is based on the theory of the highest and best use of land. Highest and best use abdicates the application of land in order to gain maximum benefit not only to their owners but the society at large. Obiagu area has not been put to its highest and best use and as such resulted to slum in the area. That is to say, putting land into best use gives room for development. This calls for significance of their research.</p><p><strong>1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>The study tends to identify the nature of slum in the study area, possible causes and effects on rental values of properties in the area in order to aid relevant authorities to tackle the problem and enhance benefits of real estate property market in the area.</p><p>There are many causes of slum which includes indiscriminate development of properties, improper disposal of waste etc. The government and its agencies have not paid much attention to it as a result of insufficient information available to them. This research will increase the interest of government officials on the issue and if the recommendations are adhered to, it will go a long way to eradicate slum in the study area and enhance development and real estate investment.</p><p><strong>1.7 SCOPES OF STUDY</strong></p><p>This study is restricted to the development of slum in obiagu. The investigation will consider the environmental, social, economic demographic, transportation, infrastructural and housing amenities conditions relevant to enhance estate settings as well as property values.</p><p><strong>1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>Limitations of this study include time, financial constraint, lack of sufficient relevant data which the research would have used to give a sufficiently new approach to this form of study.</p><p><strong>1.9 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>The study starts with an introductory chapter on the research problems and other related issues. Chapter two dwells on literature review, throwing more lights on slum, concept of slum, types of slum, attitudes of slum, causes of blight and factors leading to slum formation types of slum, roles of slum, history of slum etc.</p><p>Chapter three talks about the research methodology research method and design, sources of data, collection and instrument for data analysis.</p><p>Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis while chapter five deals with the findings, recommendations and conclusion.</p><p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p><p><strong><em>Books</em></strong></p><ol><li>Alabi, J., Okunola A., Dabara I., and Odewade A. (2012). <em>Principles of Property Development and Management</em>. Lagos: Aseda Publishing Inc.</li><li>Berges, S. (1978). Complete Guide to Buying and Selling Apartment Buildings. London: Wiley Publishers.</li><li>Charles, F., and Marcus, T. (2008). <em>Real Estate Principles</em>. Chicago: Dearborn Real Financial Publishing Inc.</li><li>Chavis, B. (2009). <em>Buy it, Rent it, Profit</em>. California: Touch Stone Publishers.</li><li>Chouinard, V. (1973). <em>Suburb, Slum and Urban Village</em>. Toronto: UBC Press.</li><li>George, C. K. (2002). <em>Basic Principles and Method of Urban and Regional Planning</em>, Lagos: Libro-Gem Books.</li><li>Harvey, D. (1954). <em>Social Justice and the City</em>. Arnold, London: MacMillan Press.</li><li>Hancock, T., &amp; Duhl, L. (1998). <em>Promoting Health in Urban Context. </em>Copenhagen: FAD Publishers.</li><li>Marcy J. P., &amp; Charles, V. B. (1987). <em>Housing Management</em>. Ireland: Kenny Books and Art Gallery Ltd.</li><li>Martin, S. G. (1977). <em>Forming New Communities, Expanding Boundaries</em>. San Francisco: StrawBerry Hill Press.</li><li>Smart, N. U. (1998). <em>Issues and strategies in environmental planning and Management in Nigeria</em>. Ibadan: Nome Publishing Company.</li><li>Sternlieb, G. (1969). <em>Tenement Landlord</em>. California: Rutgers University Press.</li><li>Tantu, M. (1998). <em>Rental Value Assessment</em>. Berlin: Conjecture Corporation.</li><li>Weiss, M. (1980). <em>The Origin and Legacy of Urban Renewal in Urban and Regional Planning</em>. New York: Pergamon Press Inc.</li></ol><p><strong>Journals</strong></p><ol><li>Ackerman, B. (1971); Regulating Slum Housing Markets On Behalf of The Poor. <em>Journal of Scholarship Series Paper</em>, Vol. 12, (9) 217-219.</li><li>Aka, E.O. (1993). Town and country planning and administration in Nigeria. <em>International Journal of Public Sector Management</em>, 6(3), 47-64.</li><li>Anazodo B. C. (2008). <em>Slum Clearance and Urban Renewal in Aguowa Enugu State</em>. An Unpublished Journal, M. Sc. Dissertation Abia State University.</li><li>Ayodele, A. A., Olurotimi, K., &amp; Babatunde,A.A. (2012); Slum Development in 3rd World Countries causes, effects and way out. A case study of Ibadan South East Local Government. <em>Nigerian Journal of British Country and Town Planning Act, </em>Vol. 12, (23), 87-93.</li><li>Bello, N. A (2006). The Economics of Land and Housing. Lagos: <em>The Academic Publications</em>,Vol. 12, (7) 118-125.</li><li>Dias, B. (1997). Slum Dwellers in Surat City and Demographic Profile. <em>Journal of Social works</em>, Vol. 5, (4), 211-217.</li><li>Gibson, S. (2004). The Cost of Urban Property Crime. <em>The Economic Journal</em>, Vol. 114, (12) 441-463.</li><li>Harvey, R.O., &amp; Clark, A. V. (1965). The Nature and Economic Sprawl. <em>Land Economics Journal</em>, vol.41, (34) Pp. 19.</li><li>Hair, P. E. (1754). A study of Enugu, Unpublished document, National Archives Enugu And Ibadan.</li><li>Haig, R. M. (1926). Towards an Understanding of a Metropolis II. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 40, (3) 402-434.</li><li>Israel, G. D. (2009). Determining sample size, PEOD 6 Doc, one of the series of the Agricultural Education and Communication Department, <em>Florida Journal Cooperative Extension Service</em>, Vol. 12, (7) 36-39.</li><li>Onibokun, A. (1972). Forces shaping the physical environment of cities in Developing countries. The Ibadan case in land economics, Vol. 49, (43), Pp. 424-430</li><li>Odongo, J. (1979). Urban Livelihoods, Institution and Inclusive Governance in Nairobi, Kenya: Links Press House.</li><li>Stroke, C. J. (1962). <em>A Theory of Slum, Land Economics</em>. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.</li><li>Sufaira, C. (2013). Socio Economic Conditions of Urban Slum Dwellers. <em>I.O.S.R. Journal</em>, Vol. 10, (7) 56-60.</li><li>Turner, J. (!966); Rapid Urban Growth, Squatting and Information Development. Pittsburg Conference<em>, AIP Journal.</em></li><li>UN-Habitat. (2003). Slums of the World, The Face of Urban Poverty in the New Millennium. Nairobi: <em>UN-Habitat Journal</em>, Vol. 6 (3) 365-380.<strong>&nbsp;</strong></li></ol><p><strong>Newspapers</strong></p><ol><li>Ojikutu, R. (1997). Environmental Problems in Nigeria. Business Times, June 16, Pp. 28.</li><li>Ubani, M. (2012); Living in Obiagu, Enugu’s Slum of Tears. Leadership News Paper, Feb. 25. Pg. 9.</li></ol> <br><p></p>