Assessing the Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Air Quality and Resident Well-being

Thesis Abstract

Urbanization has significantly expanded green spaces in cities, yet the extent to which such spaces influence air quality and resident well-being remains inadequately understood. This study aims to empirically assess the impact of urban green spaces on ambient air quality parameters and the psychological and physiological well-being of residents. The specific objectives are to quantify differences in air pollutant concentrations between green and non-green urban areas, evaluate residents' perceptions of well-being related to proximity to green spaces, and explore the mediating role of green space accessibility on health outcomes. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data collection through an observational cross-sectional survey and environmental monitoring, with qualitative insights derived from semi-structured interviews. The study population comprises residents of three demographically comparable urban neighborhoods in the city, with an estimated population of 15,000 residents. A stratified random sampling technique will be employed to select a representative sample of 500 residents, stratified by age, gender, and duration of residence. Air quality data will be collected over a six-month period using portable air quality monitors to measure concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). Resident well-being will be assessed via standardized questionnaires, including the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, complemented by interviews analyzed through thematic analysis. Data reliability and validity will be ensured through calibration of air quality instruments and pilot-testing of survey tools. Quantitative data will be analyzed using multiple regression analysis to determine relationships between proximity to green spaces, air quality metrics, and well-being indicators, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) will compare pollutant levels between different zones. Thematic analysis will be employed for qualitative data to identify perceptions of green spaces and perceived health benefits. It is anticipated that findings will reveal statistically significant lower concentrations of pollutants in areas proximal to green spaces and a positive correlation between green space accessibility and residents’ perceived and physiological well-being. Furthermore, the study expects evidence supporting the mediating role of green spaces in reducing exposure to harmful pollutants and enhancing mental health outcomes. The research contributes novel empirical data on the dual role of green spaces in environmental and health domains, filling existing gaps in urban environmental health literature and advancing understanding of how urban planning strategies can optimize green space distribution for public health benefits. The main conclusion emphasizes that strategically designed and accessible green spaces can significantly improve urban air quality and promote overall well-being among city residents. Based on the findings, recommendations will include integrating green infrastructure into urban development policies, promoting equitable access to green spaces, and implementing community-based programs to raise awareness of the health benefits associated with urban green environments. The study also proposes avenues for future research, notably longitudinal investigations into the long-term health impacts of green space exposure and the potential for eco-friendly urban design innovations to maximize benefits.