Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Perfume extraction and formation from various plant resources have been a topic of interest for centuries due to the diverse and unique scents these natural sources can provide. This research project aims to explore the process of perfume extraction from a variety of plants and investigate the different methods used to capture and preserve these fragrances. The study will focus on the utilization of traditional techniques such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, and enfleurage, as well as modern methods like supercritical fluid extraction and molecular distillation. The project will involve the collection of plant materials from different sources including flowers, leaves, bark, and roots, known for their aromatic properties. These raw materials will undergo extraction processes to isolate the essential oils and aromatic compounds responsible for the distinct scents. The extracted oils will then be analyzed using techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the chemical components present in each plant extract. Furthermore, the research will explore the art of perfume formulation by blending different plant extracts to create unique and harmonious scents. By understanding the chemical composition of each plant extract, the project aims to achieve a balance of top, middle, and base notes in the perfume compositions. The study will also investigate the use of fixatives and modifiers to enhance the longevity and complexity of the fragrances. In addition to traditional plant-based perfumery, the project will also delve into the emerging field of sustainable and eco-friendly perfume production. This includes exploring the use of organic and ethically sourced plant materials, as well as biodegradable solvents and packaging materials. The research will address the environmental impact of perfume production and propose strategies for reducing waste and energy consumption in the industry. Overall, this research project on perfume extraction and formation from various plant resources aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of natural perfumery techniques. By combining traditional knowledge with modern analytical methods and sustainable practices, the study seeks to showcase the beauty and complexity of plant-derived fragrances, while promoting environmentally conscious approaches to perfume production.

Thesis Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….