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Renal biochemical changes of pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women attending tertiary hospitals in enugu state

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.2 Risk Factors Associated with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.3 Pathophysiology of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.4 Complications of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.5 Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.6 Impact of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Renal Function
2.7 Previous Studies on Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.8 Relationship Between Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Renal Health
2.9 Role of Nutrition in Managing Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
2.10 Future Research Directions in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design and Methodology
3.2 Selection of Participants
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Variables and Measurements
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Pilot Study
3.8 Data Validity and Reliability

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Overview of Research Findings
4.2 Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnant Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
4.3 Comparison of Renal Function in Women with and without Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
4.4 Impact of Different Management Strategies on Renal Health
4.5 Association Between Gestational Age and Renal Function
4.6 Factors Influencing Renal Biomarkers in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
4.7 Discussion on the Clinical Relevance of Findings
4.8 Implications for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations for Clinical Practice
5.4 Contributions to Existing Knowledge
5.5 Suggestions for Future Research

Thesis Abstract

Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders have become very common medical complication in Nigeria with its attendant morbidity and mortality. The morbidity and mortality may be associated with its possible effect on the kidneys which was studied. Results of the electrolyte changes from this study showed that there was non-significant difference (p>0.05) in sodium ion concentration of subjects with pregnancy induced hypertension in second and third trimesters (groups 4 and 5 respectively) compared with the control groups (groups 1,2,and 3) who are non-hypertensives in first, second and third trimesters respectively. Similarly, the potassium ion (K+) concentration showed non-significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups 4 and 5 and the control groups even though the highest concentration of potassium ion was seen in the group 4 subjects. From the study, chloride ion (Cl-) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) were found to have no significant difference (p>0.05) in concentration between groups 4 and 5 and the control groups. From the estimation of urea and creatinine, it was found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the urea and creatinine concentration between the hypertensives and normotensives in different trimesters however it was found that both urea and creatinine increased in the third trimesters in the hypertensive. The total protein, albumin and globulin level of the subjects in groups 4 and 5 were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control subjects in the corresponding trimesters.

Thesis Overview

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