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Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of whole plant methanol extract and solvent fractions of desmodiumramosissimum g. don

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Antioxidant Activity
2.2 Importance of Total Phenolic Content
2.3 Significance of Flavonoid Content
2.4 Previous Studies on Desmodiumramosissimum
2.5 Methods for Extracting Plant Methanol
2.6 Techniques for Extracting Solvent Fractions
2.7 Comparison of Different Extraction Methods
2.8 Factors Affecting Extraction Efficiency
2.9 Role of Solvents in Extracting Phytochemicals
2.10 Relationship between Extraction Methods and Phytochemical Contents

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Methodology Overview
3.2 Selection of Desmodiumramosissimum Plant Samples
3.3 Preparation of Whole Plant Methanol Extract
3.4 Fractionation of Solvent Fractions
3.5 Quantification of Antioxidant Activity
3.6 Analysis of Total Phenolic Content
3.7 Determination of Flavonoid Contents
3.8 Statistical Analysis Methods

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Antioxidant Activity Results
4.2 Total Phenolic Content Findings
4.3 Flavonoid Content Discoveries
4.4 Comparison of Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions
4.5 Interpretation of Extraction Efficiency
4.6 Correlation between Extraction Methods and Phytochemical Contents
4.7 Discussion on Factors Influencing Results
4.8 Implications of Findings for Desmodiumramosissimum

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Research Findings
5.2 Conclusion on Antioxidant Activity Study
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
5.4 Contribution to Existing Knowledge
5.5 Final Thoughts and Reflections

Thesis Abstract

The present study was designed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of both the methanol extract and the various solvent fractions of the whole plant, Desmodiumramosissimum. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of various bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. The quantitative analyses of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were carried out spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction followed by n-butanol fraction exhibited high total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging ability as well as ferric ion reducing ability when compared to all other solvent fractions including the methanol extract. The presence of these flavonoid and phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant properties observed in these fractions. In order to support this observation, the relationship between the antioxidant content using various models revealed that TPC exhibited a strong correlation with ferric ion reducing potential (FIRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with R2 vmalues of 0.995 and 0.980, respectively; but a weak relationship with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with R2 value of 0.877. However, aqueous fraction showed a strong relationship between DPPH and its concentration compared to other fractions. This showed that various solvent extracts possess unique chemical constituent of plant with various antioxidant capacity. Free radicals were scavenged by the extract and solvent fractions in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations (25-1000 mg/l) in all models. The findings from this study show that methanol extract and the solvent fractions of Desmodiumramosissimum G. Don contained phenolics, flavonoids and tannins which exhibited antioxidant properties.

Thesis Overview

The present study was designed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of both the methanol extract and the various solvent fractions of the whole plant, Desmodiumramosissimum. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of various bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. The quantitative analyses of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were carried out spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction followed by n-butanol fraction exhibited high total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging ability as well as ferric ion reducing ability when compared to all other solvent fractions including the methanol extract. The presence of these flavonoid and phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant properties observed in these fractions. In order to support this observation, the relationship between the antioxidant content using various models revealed that TPC exhibited a strong correlation with ferric ion reducing potential (FIRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with R2 vmalues of 0.995 and 0.980, respectively; but a weak relationship with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with R2 value of 0.877. However, aqueous fraction showed a strong relationship between DPPH and its concentration compared to other fractions. This showed that various solvent extracts possess unique chemical constituent of plant with various antioxidant capacity. Free radicals were scavenged by the extract and solvent fractions in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations (25-1000 mg/l) in all models. The findings from this study show that methanol extract and the solvent fractions of Desmodiumramosissimum G. Don contained phenolics, flavonoids and tannins which exhibited antioxidant properties.

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