Assessing the Impact of User Interface Design on Mobile App Accessibility for Elderly Users

Thesis Abstract

The rapid proliferation of mobile applications has transformed communication, access to information, and service delivery; however, usability challenges persist among elderly users due to complex interface designs that hinder accessibility. This study investigates the impact of user interface (UI) design features on the accessibility of mobile applications for elderly users, aiming to identify specific design elements that enhance usability for this demographic. The research specifically seeks to determine how variations in font size, icon clarity, color contrast, touch target size, and navigation simplicity influence elderly users’ ability to effectively operate mobile apps. The primary objectives include evaluating the relationship between UI design features and accessibility, and developing guidelines for designing age-friendly mobile interfaces. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative surveys and experimental usability tests with a qualitative component through semi-structured interviews. The population comprises elderly individuals aged 60 and above who regularly use smartphones, with a sample size of 150 participants selected through stratified random sampling from urban health centers and community organizations. Quantitative data were collected via standardized accessibility questionnaires and performance metrics recorded during controlled app tasks, while qualitative data emerged from thematic analysis of interview transcripts. Data analysis involves descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis to assess the influence of UI features on usability scores, and thematic analysis to explore user perceptions and preferences, guided by the Theory of User-Centered Design and the Technology Acceptance Model. Expected findings anticipate a significant positive correlation between adjustable font sizes, high contrast color schemes, and larger touch targets with enhanced accessibility scores among elderly users. Moreover, simplified navigation structures are projected to improve task completion rates and user satisfaction metrics. The regression models are expected to demonstrate that specific UI features significantly predict mobile app usability in this age group. The qualitative insights are anticipated to reveal nuanced user preferences and perceived barriers, providing a comprehensive understanding of design elements that accommodate age-related sensory and motor limitations. This study contributes novel empirical evidence to the field of human-computer interaction by systematically quantifying the influence of UI design on elderly mobile app accessibility, filling a notable gap in existing research that predominantly emphasizes younger user groups. It advances theoretical understanding of age-specific usability factors within the frameworks of user-centered design principles and technology acceptance theories. The development of tailored UI guidelines derived from the findings will inform app developers and designers, promoting the creation of more inclusive, accessible mobile interfaces for older populations. The main conclusion underscores that certain UI modifications—such as adjustable font sizes, contrasting color schemes, larger interactive elements, and simplified navigation—are critical to improving mobile app accessibility for elderly users. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting standardized age-friendly UI design practices, integrating accessibility features as default options, and conducting ongoing testing with elderly populations during development phases. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to assess long-term adoption and satisfaction, as well as exploring cross-cultural differences in UI preferences among elderly users. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive blueprint for enhancing mobile accessibility, fostering greater digital inclusion, and supporting aging populations in an increasingly digitized world.