Evaluation of the level of vitamin c, vitamin e and malondialdehyde in male smokers and non smokers

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research project aimed to evaluate the levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in male smokers and non-smokers to understand the impact of smoking on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in the body. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various health conditions due to the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Vitamin C and E are essential antioxidants that protect cells from damage caused by these free radicals, while MDA is a marker of lipid peroxidation, indicating oxidative stress levels. The study involved a total of 100 male participants, including 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers, matched for age and other demographic variables. Blood samples were collected from all participants, and the levels of vitamin C and E were measured using spectrophotometric methods. MDA levels were determined as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, smoking habits and duration were recorded for the smoker group to assess the potential correlation between smoking intensity and antioxidant status. The results revealed a significant difference in the levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, and MDA between male smokers and non-smokers. Smokers exhibited lower levels of vitamin C and vitamin E compared to non-smokers, indicating a decreased antioxidant capacity in individuals who smoke. Conversely, MDA levels were significantly higher in smokers, suggesting increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in this group. Furthermore, within the smoker group, a correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between smoking duration and levels of vitamin C and E, indicating that longer smoking habits are associated with a more pronounced decrease in antioxidant levels. This highlights the cumulative effect of smoking on antioxidant status over time. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize the detrimental impact of smoking on antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress levels in male individuals. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin C and E is crucial for protecting cells from oxidative damage induced by smoking-related free radicals. Understanding these changes in antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation may provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of smoking on health. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors influencing antioxidant status in smokers and evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in this population.