Suitability assessment of kurumu, garin-maiganga, gindiakwati and ogboyoba coal deposit properties for power generation

• Title page……………………………………………………………………….. i Declaration……………………………………………………………….…….. ii Certification…………………………………………………………………….. iii Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………… iv Abstract………………………………………………………………………… v Table of contents……………………………………………………………….. vi List of figures…………………………………………………………………… ix List of tables……………………………………………………………………. x List of appendices……………………………………………………………… xi Abbreviations………………………………………………………………….. xii

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ……………………………………….. 1
• 1.1Background of the study…………………………………………………. 1
• 1.2Benefits of coal as a source of power generation to the nation…………. 4
• 1.3Statement of research problem…………………………………………… 5
• 1.4Aim and Objectives………………………………………………………… 5
• 1.5Significance of the Research……………………………………………… 6
• 1.6Scope of Research…………………………………………………………. 6 `

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ……………………………… 7
• 2.1Availability of coal in Nigeria……………………………………………. 7
• 2.2Previous researches on coal……………………….………………………. 9
• 2.3Classification of coal……………….………………………….………….. 11
• 2.4Clean Coal Technology………………………………………………….. 12 2.
• 4.1Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC)………………………… 12 2.
• 4.2Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC)………………………… 13 2.
• 4.3Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)………………………. 14 2.
• 4.4Top Cycles……………………………………………………………….. 16
• 2.5Terms and Significance of Various Parameters in Proximate Analysis..18 2.
• 5.1Fixed carbon……………………………………………………………… 18 2.
• 5.2Volatile Matter…………………………………………………………… 18 2.
• 5.3Ash Content……………………………………………………………… 18 2.
• 5.4Moisture Content………………………………………………………… 18
• 2.6Ultimate Analysis………………………………………………………. 19
• 2.7Calorific Value…..….………………………………………………….. 19 viii
• 2.8Thermogravimetric analysis…………………………………………… 20
• 2.9Fusibility of coal ash…………………………………………………… 21
• 2.10Ash Composition Analysis………………………….………………… 22
• 2.11Auto-Ignition temperature and coal storage……………………….. 22
• 2.12Coal quality requirements for coal-fired plant…………………….. 23
• 2.13Power generation from low grade coals…………………………….. 25
• 2.14Research Gap…………………………………………………………. 26

Chapter THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

• MATERIALS AND METHODS………………… 27
• 3.1Coal Samples……………………………………………………………27
• 3.2General Sample Preparations…………………………………………. 27
• 3.3Proximate Analysis…………………………………………………….. 27
• 3.4Ultimate Analysis………………………………………………………. 29
• 3.5Determination of Total Sulphur Content…………………….……… 30
• 3.6Determination of Calorific Value………………………………….…. 30
• 3.7Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry………. 31
• 3.8Determination of Ash Fusion Temperature of Coal Samples….…… 31
• 3.9Ash composition analysis………………………………………………. 32
• 3.10Experimental procedure for the determination of auto-ignition temperature……………………………………………………32 9

Chapter FOUR

SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..……………………. 33
• 4.1Introduction……………………………………………………………… 33
• 4.2Proximate Analysis………………………………………………………. 33
• 4.3Ultimate Analysis…………………………………..…………………….. 34
• 4.4Calorific Value………………………………………………………….… 35 4.5Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses… 35 4.
• 5.1TG-DSC of Kurumu coal deposit………………………………………. 35 4.
• 5.2TG-DSC of Garinmaiganga coal deposit…………………………….… 36 4.
• 5.3TG-DSC of Gindiakwaticoal deposit………………………….……….. 36 4.
• 5.4TG-DSC of Ogboyoba coal deposit………………………….…………. 37
• 4.6Ash Analysis….…………….……………………………….……………… 37 4.7Ash Fusion Temperature…………………………………….…………… 38
• 4.8Coal Auto-Ignition Temperature……………………………………….. 38
• 4.9Discussion of result……………………………………………………….. 39 4.
• 9.1Proximate analysis…………………………………………….………… 39 4.
• 9.2Ultimate analysis…………………………………………….………….. 40 4.
• 9.3Calorific value…………………………………………….……………… 41 4.
• 9.4Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses….. 42 4.
• 9.5Coal ash analysis………………………………………….…………….. 43 4.
• 9.6Ash fusion temperature…………………………………….…………… 44 4.
• 9.7Coal auto-ignition temperature………………………….……………… 44 4.
• 9.8Ranking of analysed coal samples……………………….…………….. 45 4.
• 9.9Ash and sulphur classification of the analysed coal samples…….……. 46 4.
• 9.10Suitability of analysed coal samples for power generation…….……. 46

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………….…………………………………… 51
• 5.1Summary…………………………………………………………………. 51
• 5.2Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 52
• 5.3Recommendations………………………………………………………… 53 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….. 54 APPENDICES………………………………………………………………… 57