Sintering characteristics of itakpe and agbaja iron ore concentrates blends

• TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… i DECLARATION ………………………………………………………………… ii CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………… iii DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………….. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………. v ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………… vi TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………… vii LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………….. xi LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………. xiiii LIST OF APPENDIX ……………………………………………………….. xiii NOTATIONS ………………………………………………………………….. xiv

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• …………………………………………………………………. 1
• 1.0INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….. 1
• 1.1Statement of problem ……………………………………………………………… 4
• 1.2Aims and Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………… 5
• 1.3Justification and Significance of the study ………………………………….. 5
• 1.4Limitations of the research ……………………………………………………….. 6 viii

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ………………………………………………………………… 7
• 2.0LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………… 7
• 2.1INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….. 7
• 2.2Nigerian Iron Ore Deposits ………………………………………………………. 7
• 2.3Agbaja Iron Ore Deposit. Reserve and Chemical compositions ……… 9 2.
• 3.1Chemical Composition of Agbaja Iron Ore ……………………………………………… 9 2.
• 3.2Itakpe Iron Ore Deposit, Reserve and Chemical Analysis …………………………. 10 2.
• 3.3Chemistry and Mineralogy of Itakpe Iron Ore ………………………………………… 11
• 2.4Fluxes ……………………………………………………………………………………11 2.
• 4.1Basic fluxes ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 2.
• 4.2Aluminous Fluxes …………………………………………………………………………….. 12 2.
• 4.3Acid fluxes………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
• 2.5Definition and Concept of Sintering …………………………………………..13
• 2.6Background of Sintering ………………………………………………………….14
• 2.7Reduction Reactions that occurred During Sintering …………………….16
• 2.8Process Variables during Sintering …………………………………………….17 2.
• 8.1Roles of sinter returns in sintering ………………………………………………………… 18 2.
• 8.2Positive effect of sinter return on gas permeability ………………………………….. 18
• 2.9Types of Sinters …………………………………………………………………….18
• 2.10Desired Qualities of sinters ……………………………………………………19
• 2.11Comparison between sinters and pellets ………………………………….21 ix
• 2.12Charge Calculations for sinter production ………………………………..22
• 2.13Mechanisms and Kinetics of reduction of blast furnace burden …..23

Chapter THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

• …………………………………………………………… 30
• 3.0EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES …………………………………………..30
• 3.1MATERIALS ………………………………………………………………………..30
• 3.2Methods …………………………………………………………………………………31 3.
• 2.1Charge calculation …………………………………………………………………………….. 31 3.
• 2.2Determination of Abrasion Index Value (AIV) ……………………………………….. 33 3.
• 2.3Determination of Shatter Index Value (SIV) ………………………………………….. 34 3.
• 2.4Determination of Tumbler Index Value (TIV) ………………………………………… 34 3.
• 2.5Determination of Reducibility Index Value (RIV) …………………………………… 34 3.
• 2.6Determination of Reduction Decrepitation Index Value (RDIV)………………… 35 3.
• 2.7Determination of Chemical Composition of Sinters …………………………………. 35 3.
• 2.8Determination of Phosphorous content of the blends by calculation …………… 35

Chapter FOUR

SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

• …………………………………………………………….. 38
• 4.0RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….38
• 4.1Results ………………………………………………………………………………….38 4.
• 2.0Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………..42 4.
• 2.1Abrasion Index Values (AIV)…………………………………………………………….. 42 4.
• 2.2Shatter Index Values (SIV) …………………………………………………………………. 43 4.
• 2.3Tumbler Index Values (TIV) ……………………………………………………………….. 44 x 4.
• 2.4Reducibility Index Values (RIV) ………………………………………………………….. 45 4.
• 2.5Reduction Decrepitation Index Values (RDIV) ………………………………………. 46 4.
• 2.6Chemical Analysis of Sinters ………………………………………………………………. 47

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ………………………………………………………………. 48

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ………………………………………………………………. 49
• 5.0CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ……………………………49
• 5.1CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………..49
• 5.2RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………49 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………. 51