Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram negative bacteria in the urine of university students
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objectives of Study
- 1.5Limitations of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Gram-Negative Bacteria
- 2.2Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections
- 2.3Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
- 2.4Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Resistance
- 2.5Treatment Options for Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
- 2.6Impact of Antibiotic Misuse on Antimicrobial Resistance
- 2.7Emerging Trends in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
- 2.8Strategies for Combating Antibiotic Resistance
- 2.9Role of Healthcare Policies in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance
- 2.10Future Research Directions
Chapter THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 3.1Research Design and Methodology
- 3.2Sampling Techniques
- 3.3Data Collection Methods
- 3.4Laboratory Procedures for Bacterial Identification
- 3.5Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols
- 3.6Data Analysis Techniques
- 3.7Ethical Considerations
- 3.8Limitations of the Research Methodology
Chapter FOUR
SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION
- 4.1Overview of Research Findings
- 4.2Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urine Samples
- 4.3Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Isolated Bacteria
- 4.4Comparison of Resistance Profiles among Different Bacterial Species
- 4.5Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Resistance
- 4.6Discussion on Clinical Implications of Findings
- 4.7Recommendations for Antibiotic Therapy
- 4.8Future Directions for Research on Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Research Findings
- 5.2Conclusions Drawn from the Study
- 5.3Implications of the Research
- 5.4Recommendations for Clinical Practice
- 5.5Suggestions for Future Research
Thesis Abstract
In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant growth with a prevalence rate of 80%. It was observed that females were more infected than the males with a prevalence rate of 56.70% and 43.30% respectively under the ages of 18-25yrs.Escherichia coli was the most predominant. The isolates were very sensitive to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin and Ofloxacin which were the (most sensitive) and the most resistant were Tetracycline, Cortrimozol, Cephalexin and Ampicillin. Therefore, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin were strongly recommended for the treatment of UTI as indicated in the study.
Thesis Overview
<p> </p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>Gram negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain their crystal violet dye in the gram staining protocol. They are differentiated by their cell wall structure. The following characteristics are displayed by gram negative bacteria as follows</p><div><ul><li>Thin peptidoglycan layer(much thinner than gram positive)</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide outside the peptidoglycan layer</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>Porin exists in the outer membrane, which acts like pores</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>There is a space between the layer of peptidoglycan and the secondary cell membrane, called the periplasmic space</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>If present, flagella have four (4) supporting rings instead of two</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>No techoic acid or lipopolysaccharide</li></ul></div> <br><p></p>Blazingprojects Mobile App
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