Design, construction and testing of a 130w wind-powered air compressor system for operation in zaria, nigeria

• Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………….i Declaration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii Certification …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. iv Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………… v List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ix List of Appendices ………………………………………………………………………………………………… xi Nomenclature ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiv

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
• 1.1Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
• 1.2Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………………………………… 2
• 1.3The Present Work ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
• 1.4Aim and Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
• 1.5Significance of Work ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
• 2.1Wind and Wind Energy ……………………………………………………………………………………… 6 2.
• 1.1The History of Wind Energy …………………………………………………………………………. 7
• 2.2Review of Related Past Work ……………………………………………………………………………. 10
• 2.3Theoretical background ……………………………………………………………………………………. 12 2.
• 3.1Available wind power ………………………………………………………………………………… 12 2.
• 3.2Extractable wind power ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 2.
• 3.3Compressor power …………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
• 2.4Wind Air Compressor System Description ………………………………………………………….. 16 vi 2.
• 4.1The wind rotor ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16 2.4.
• 1.1Rotor design ………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 2.4.
• 1.2Material Selection ……………………………………………………………………………….. 26 2.
• 4.2Shaft Design …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29 2.4.
• 2.2Belt and Pulley design………………………………………………………………………….. 30 2.4.
• 2.3Bearings…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33 2.
• 4.3Compressors …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 2.4.
• 3.1Air compressor …………………………………………………………………………………… 37 2.4.
• 3.2Positive Displacement Compressors ……………………………………………………….. 39 2.4.
• 3.3Non-positive Displacement Compressors ………………………………………………… 43 2.4.
• 3.4Selection of Compressor Type ………………………………………………………………. 47
• 2.5Pressure Vessels ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 53

Chapter THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

• ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 54 MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………………………………………………………………….. 54
• 3.1The Wind Compressor System ………………………………………………………………………….. 54
• 3.2Materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55 3.
• 2.1Material Selection ……………………………………………………………………………………… 55 3.
• 2.2Wind Speed Data ………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
• 3.3Design Theories ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 57 3.3.
• 1.0Rotor Design …………………………………………………………………………………………. 57 3.3.
• 1.1Rotor swept Area ………………………………………………………………………………… 57 3.3.
• 1.2Compressor Power ………………………………………………………………………………. 58
• 3.4Design Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 59 3.
• 4.1Compressor Selection Considerations …………………………………………………………… 59 3.
• 4.2Shaft design ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 60 3.
• 4.3Bearing selection ………………………………………………………………………………………. 61 vii 3.
• 4.4Tail vane design………………………………………………………………………………………… 61 3.
• 4.5Design Considerations ……………………………………………………………………………….. 61
• 3.5Design Calculations …………………………………………………………………………………………. 63
• 3.6The Wind compressor system design ………………………………………………………………….. 74 3.
• 6.1Design calculations ……………………………………………………………………………………. 74 3.
• 6.2Design drawings ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
• 3.7System Component Construction ……………………………………………………………………….. 75 3.
• 7.1Rotor Blades …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75 3.
• 7.2Rotor Hub ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75 3.
• 7.3Rotor Shaft ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75 3.
• 7.4Bearings ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75 3.
• 7.5Belt and Pulley …………………………………………………………………………………………. 76 3.
• 7.6Mounting Plate …………………………………………………………………………………………. 76 3.
• 7.7Tail vane………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76 3.
• 7.8Tower ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76
• 3.8Cost Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 76
• 3.9Installing and testing the system ………………………………………………………………………… 78 3.
• 9.1Testing Set up …………………………………………………………………………………………… 78 3.
• 9.2Testing Procedure ……………………………………………………………………………………… 79
• 3.10Calculations………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 79 3.
• 10.1Energy Pattern factor determination for Zaria ………………………………………………. 79 3.
• 10.2Power Output and Overall efficiency determination for wind air compressor …….. 81

Chapter FOUR

SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

• ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ……………………………………………………………………………. 84
• 4.1Test results and discussions ………………………………………………………………………………. 84 4.
• 1.1Results ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 84 viii 4.
• 1.2Discussion of results ……………………………………………………………………………………… 90

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 92 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS …………… 92
• 5.1Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 92
• 5.2Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 92
• 5.3Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………………… 93
• 5.4Contributions to knowledge ………………………………………………………………………………. 93 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 94 APPENDIX A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 97 APPENDIX B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98 APPENDIX C ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 99 ix