Design and fabrication of a pilot production plant

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A pilot production plant for paint is a chain une of pant production, from the design of the machine, the mixing of the chemical to the packaging. &nbsp;All is aim at production of both (texcoat) and emulsion (water based paints) which are basically classified as one of the two classes of paint.</p><p><strong>PAINT CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO</strong></p><p><strong>– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;GLOSS PAINTS (OIL BASED PAINTS)</strong></p><p>These are paints that may be classified according to whether the drying mechanisms is predominantly solvent evaporation, oxidation or some chemical reaction. &nbsp;Gloss paints which dry essentially by solvent evaporation, rely on a fairly hard resin as the vehicle. &nbsp;Paints which dry by oxidation, the vehicle is usually an oil or an oil – based varnish, these usually contain driers to accelerate the drying of the oil. &nbsp;Paint based essentially on oil with suitable pigment such as Titanium dioxide, extenders, and usually zinc – oxide and white lead are conventional outside house paints because these materials give the combination of the properties which meet this requirement.</p><p><strong>– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;EMULSION/TEXCOAT PAINTS (WATER – BASED PAINTS)</strong></p><p>These are paints with water soluble vehicle and they includes calcimines, in which the vehicle is glue an case in paints, in which the vehicle is casein or soybean protein.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH WORK</strong></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The objectives of the research project work is to study the formulation, production of a low cost simple mixing machine and the production of paints, both glass and emulsion in with the use of local pigment and extenders as raw materials. &nbsp;This is highly beneficial for small scale for hence the cost of production is far reduced compared to paint produce by industries using imported machines and materials.</p><p><strong>USES AND ECONOMICS</strong></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Paints preserve architectural structure from weather attacks. &nbsp;Uncoated wood and metal deteriorate, especially in present of soot, C. and sulphur dioxide, S02. &nbsp;Thus, S02 in the atmosphere reacts with water vapour, both gases (g), to form aqueous 9aq) S02 which reacts further with water to form sulphuorus acid, H2 S04, from which S032 reacts with metals, eg copper CU2+ as follows</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (S02) &nbsp;(g) &nbsp; &nbsp; + &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; H20 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (S02) (aq)</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (S02) &nbsp;(aq) &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; H20 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; H2 S03</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; S032- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CU2+ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; S03- + CU+</p><p><strong>IMPORTANCE OF STUDY</strong></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Paints also increase the attractiveness of manufactured products, as well as the aesthetic appeal of dwelling. &nbsp;Thus, paints serve utility and art purpose. &nbsp;In the United State of America, paints annual sales clocked N4 billion (100 billion) in 1971, industrial paints for the first time sold more than architectural paints, indicating a shift in trend. &nbsp;This highlights the importance of paint ventures in a developing economy, such as Nigeria’s.</p> <br><p></p>