FAILURE ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH WEAR RESISTANT LOCALLY- MANUFACTURED GOLD - MILL GRINDING PLATES
Table Of Contents
- TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle pageTable of ContentsAbstract
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.
- 0.Introduction1.
- 1.Background of Research1.
- 2.Statement of Research Problem1.
- 3.Justification1.
- 4.Aims and Objectives1.4.
- 1.Aim1.4.
- 2.The specific objectives1.
- 5.The Scope of the work
CHAPTER TWO2.
- 0.LITERATURE REVIEW2.
- 1.Failure Analysis Overview2.
- 2.Causes of Failure2.
- 3.Wear Mechanisms as Agent of Failure2.3.
- 1.Adhesive Wear2.3.
- 2.Abrasive Wear2.
- 4.Failure Induced by Ore Hardness Values2.
- 5.Mill used for Grinding Mineral2.
- 6.Minimization of Failure through Wear Reduction2.
- 7.Materials used for Grinding Mineral Ores2.
- 8.Carbon Equipment Value (C.E.V)2.
- 9.Effects of Some Alloying Elements in Cast iron
CHAPTER THREE3.
- 0.MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES3.
- 1.Materials3.
- 2.Equipment3.
- 3.0Methodology3.3.
- 1.Determination of the hardness of the as-received and developed samples3.3.
- 2.Impact strength determination of the as-received and developed samples3.3.
- 3.The development of new high wear resistant grinding plates3.3.
- 4.Determination of wear rate of the plates3.3.
- 5.Microstructural assessment of the samples3.3.
- 6.Characterization of the gold-bearing mineral3.3.
- 7.Characterization of the as-received grinding plates3.3.
- 8.Determination of the work index of the gold bearing minerals
CHAPTER FOUR4.
- 0.RESULTS4.
- 1.Hardness Values4.
- 2.Impact Values4.
- 3.Wear Rate Results4.
- 4.Average Wear Rate of the Investigated Samples and their Corresponding Hardness Values4.
- 5.Microstructural results4.
- 6.Highlighted in tables 4.8-
- 4.11are the chemical analysis results of the gold-bearing minerals sample 1 and 2, the as-received grinding plates sample A and B and the hardness and impact values of the mineral samples4.
- 7.The Work index of the Minerals
CHAPTER FIVE5.
- 0.DISCUSSION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS5.1.
- 0.Mechanical Properties of the Investigated Samples5.1.
- 1.Hardness properties of the as-received and developed samples5.1.
- 2.The impact strength of the as- received and developed samples5.2.
- 0.Wear Rate Values of the Investigated Samples5.2.
- 1. As- received sample A5.2.
- 2. As- received sample B5.2.
- 3.Developed sample C5.2.
- 4.Developed sample D5.
- 3.Correlation between the Average Wear Rate and Hardness Values5.
- 4.Microstructural Analysis of the Investigated Samples5.4.
- 1.As- received sample A5.4.
- 2.As- received sample B5.4.
- 3.Developed sample C5.4.
- 4.Developed sample D5.
- 5.The Chemical Analysis of Gold-bearing Minerals5.
- 6.The Chemical Analysis of the As- received Grinding Plates Samples5.
- 7.The Work index of the Gold-Bearing Minerals5.
- 8.Cost to Manufacture New Grinding Plates
CHAPTER SIX6.
- 0.SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.
- 1.Summary6.
- 2.Conclusions6.
- 3.Recommendations6.
- 4.Contribution to KnowledgeREFERENCESAPPENDICES
Thesis Abstract
Abstract
The research work is centered on the failure analysis of the as-received locally produced grinding plates, development of high wear resistant grinding plates capable of grinding gold-bearing mineral deposit in Bagega village of Zamfara State. The work was carried out by evaluating the chemical compositions of the as-received grinding plate samples, the compositions of the gold-bearing mineral samples, the microstructures of the as- received and developed grinding plate samples, mechanical properties (impact strength, hardness values) and wear rate of the as-received and developed grinding plates using Optical Emission spectroscopy (OES), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoresce (ED-XRF), Metallurgical microscope, impact and hardness testing machine, and the grinding machine. The analysis showed that the as-received locally produced grinding plate samples were grey cast iron with pearlite structure as the major matrix together with few cementite structures, generally characterized by poor mechanical properties. This explained the wear resistance of the samples in supporting grinding of the charged mineral for a longer period thereby prompting the samples to wear and fracture quickly in service. The two locally developed white iron base grinding plate samples showed a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties and wear resistant ability with increase in grinding duration from thirty two to seventy five minutes due to the presence of alloying elements that are capable of promoting abrasive wear resistant in comparism with the as-received failed grinding plates.
Thesis Overview
<p>
</p><div><div><b>1.0. Introduction</b></div><div>Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause or causes of failure in general. It is the process by which scientists, technologists, engineers and business analysts use to assess the failure mechanism of any component in service that failed. It is an important area in every manufacturing industry (Neville, 2011).</div><div><br></div><div>Due to one reason or the other, machine component often experiences one form of service failure- the consequences which could include death and financial losses. Legal ramifications have encouraged the development of effective failure analysis method. While the cost of failure analysis may exceed the value of the part damaged, in some instances the cost of service failures usually far exceeds the cost of failure analysis (Neville, 2011).</div><div><br></div>Machine components may fail either as a result of the environmental conditions they are exposed to or the kind of stresses they experience. Often a combination of both environmental and stress condition can cause failure. In essence, these components are designed to withstand both the environmental condition and the stress they will be subjected to in service so that they can serve optimally in life. The designing of a metallic component involves not only a specific elemental compositions, it involves also specific aspect of materials selection processes such as, machining process, heat treatment, experience and skills of the producers. The huge arrays of different metals that exist have unique physical and chemical properties; specific properties are incorporated into metallic components to make them more robust to environmental conditions (Thomas, <i>et al</i> 1999).....</div><br>
<br><p></p>