Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Groundwater Exploration

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This thesis investigates the application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in the exploration of groundwater resources. Groundwater plays a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems and meeting human water demands, making its effective exploration and management vital. ERT is a geophysical technique that utilizes electrical measurements to image subsurface structures based on variations in electrical resistivity. The primary objective of this research is to assess the efficacy of ERT in mapping groundwater resources and delineating potential aquifer zones. The study begins with an introduction outlining the significance of groundwater exploration, followed by a review of the theoretical background of ERT and its relevance in hydrogeological investigations. The problem statement highlights the challenges faced in traditional groundwater exploration methods and the need for innovative technologies like ERT. The research objectives focus on evaluating the capabilities of ERT in identifying groundwater zones and providing detailed subsurface information. The limitations of the study encompass factors such as depth penetration and resolution constraints associated with ERT surveys. The scope of the study includes field surveys using ERT equipment in selected study areas to acquire resistivity data for groundwater mapping. The significance of the research lies in its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of groundwater exploration practices, leading to sustainable water resource management. The structure of the thesis is delineated to provide a roadmap for the subsequent chapters, including literature review, research methodology, discussion of findings, and conclusion. The literature review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of existing studies on ERT applications in groundwater exploration, highlighting the methodologies, case studies, and outcomes reported in the literature. The research methodology section details the procedures for conducting ERT surveys, data collection, processing, and interpretation techniques. Key aspects such as electrode configuration, survey design, and data inversion methods are addressed to ensure the reliability of the results obtained. The discussion of findings presents the outcomes of the ERT surveys conducted in the study areas, emphasizing the delineation of subsurface structures indicative of potential aquifer zones. Interpretations of resistivity profiles and imaging results are discussed in relation to the geological settings and hydrogeological characteristics of the study areas. The implications of the findings for groundwater exploration practices are evaluated, highlighting the strengths and limitations of ERT in different geological environments. In conclusion, the research findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ERT in mapping groundwater resources and identifying aquifer zones with high potential for sustainable water supply. The integration of ERT with conventional hydrogeological methods offers a valuable tool for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of groundwater exploration projects. Recommendations for future research include further validation of ERT results through drilling and pumping tests to assess the actual groundwater yield and quality in the identified aquifer zones. Ultimately, this study contributes to advancing the understanding and application of geophysical techniques in groundwater exploration, with implications for sustainable water resource management and environmental conservation.