Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Groundwater Exploration in Urban Areas

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The exploration and management of groundwater resources are crucial for sustaining urban populations and ensuring water security. In urban areas, the demand for groundwater is high due to rapid population growth and urbanization. Traditional methods of groundwater exploration often face challenges in urban environments due to limited access and potential contamination risks. In this context, the application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) emerges as a promising geophysical technique for mapping subsurface structures and characterizing groundwater resources in urban areas. This thesis investigates the application of ERT for groundwater exploration in urban areas, with a focus on its effectiveness, limitations, and practical implications. The study aims to address the following objectives (1) to assess the feasibility of using ERT for mapping groundwater resources in urban environments, (2) to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of ERT data in identifying subsurface structures related to groundwater, and (3) to provide recommendations for optimizing the use of ERT in urban groundwater exploration projects. The research methodology includes a comprehensive literature review of previous studies on ERT applications in groundwater exploration, field surveys using ERT equipment in selected urban areas, data processing and interpretation, and statistical analysis of results. The study area encompasses several urban locations with varying geological and hydrogeological characteristics to capture the diversity of urban groundwater systems. The findings of this study reveal that ERT is a valuable tool for mapping subsurface structures and identifying potential groundwater resources in urban areas. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of ERT in delineating aquifer boundaries, detecting groundwater contamination plumes, and characterizing hydrogeological properties such as porosity and permeability. However, the study also highlights certain limitations of ERT, including depth penetration constraints, resolution issues in complex geological settings, and challenges related to data interpretation. The discussion of findings explores the implications of using ERT for urban groundwater exploration, including its cost-effectiveness, non-invasive nature, and environmental sustainability compared to traditional drilling methods. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating ERT with other geophysical, hydrogeological, and remote sensing techniques to enhance the accuracy and reliability of groundwater mapping in urban areas. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the application of ERT for groundwater exploration in urban environments. The research findings underscore the potential of ERT as a valuable tool for sustainable groundwater management in urban areas, offering insights for policymakers, urban planners, and water resource managers. The study recommends further research to address the identified limitations of ERT and to explore innovative approaches for optimizing its use in urban groundwater exploration projects.