Determination of the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the sediment in the niger delta basin

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The Niger Delta Basin in Nigeria is a significant area for oil and gas exploration, making it crucial to understand the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the sediment in this region. This study aimed to determine these characteristics through detailed analysis of sediment samples collected from various locations within the Niger Delta Basin. Sedimentological analysis involved the study of sediment grain size, texture, and sedimentary structures. Grain size analysis was conducted using sieving and sedimentation techniques. The results indicated a predominance of fine to very fine sand in the sediment samples, suggesting a depositional environment with relatively low energy conditions. Textural analysis revealed the presence of clay minerals, indicating a significant contribution from terrestrial sources. Geochemical analysis focused on determining the elemental composition of the sediment samples. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was employed to quantify major and trace elements present in the samples. The results showed varying concentrations of elements such as silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium, which are indicative of different sediment sources and weathering processes. The combination of sedimentological and geochemical data provided insights into the depositional environment and provenance of the sediment in the Niger Delta Basin. The fine to very fine sand texture suggests deposition in low-energy environments such as floodplains or estuaries, while the presence of clay minerals points to input from terrestrial sources. The elemental composition further supported these findings, highlighting the influence of both local weathering processes and external sources on the sediment. Understanding the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the sediment in the Niger Delta Basin has implications for various industries, including oil and gas exploration, environmental management, and geotechnical engineering. By elucidating the origins and depositional history of the sediment, this study contributes to the broader knowledge of sedimentary processes in deltaic environments and provides valuable information for future research and resource management efforts in the region.