L'impact du télétravail sur la productivité des salariés en contextes urbains

Thesis Abstract

The rapid adoption of telework in urban environments has transformed traditional work arrangements, prompting an urgent need to evaluate its impact on employee productivity within dynamic city contexts. This study aims to examine the influence of telecommuting on the productivity levels of urban-based employees, with specific objectives of determining the extent of productivity changes attributable to telework, identifying factors that enhance or hinder productivity, and proposing strategies to optimize teleworking practices. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative data from a sample of 350 employees across five leading corporations in a metropolitan area, selected through stratified random sampling, with qualitative insights obtained from 30 semi-structured interviews of managers and employees. Data collection instruments include standardized productivity questionnaires validated through a pilot study, and interview guides developed in line with conceptual frameworks. Quantitative data are analyzed using multiple regression analysis and ANOVA to identify statistically significant predictors of productivity, while thematic analysis is employed to interpret qualitative narratives, ensuring triangulation of findings. The theoretical underpinning draws on the Job Demands-Resources Model and Self-Determination Theory to contextualize how environmental and psychological factors influence productivity variations in remote work settings. Expected findings suggest that telework significantly influences employee productivity, with effects moderated by variables such as technological support, work-life balance, and managerial support. The results anticipate revealing distinct productivity patterns linked to gender, age, and job function, as well as identifying key challenges—such as isolation and technological disruptions—that negatively impact performance. Conversely, facilitating factors like flexible scheduling and robust digital infrastructure are expected to be associated with enhanced productivity outcomes. This research aims to contribute to knowledge by enriching empirical understanding of telework dynamics in urban settings, addressing a gap in literature that predominantly concentrates on telework in less dense regions or specific sectors. It provides a comprehensive framework for organizations seeking evidence-based interventions to foster effective remote working practices. The main conclusion underscores the importance of tailored telework policies that consider individual, technological, and organizational factors to maximize productivity. The study advocates for enhanced digital infrastructure, training programs for remote management, and strategies to promote social connectedness among remote workers. Recommendations include implementing flexible work schedules, investing in technological support, and establishing monitoring systems that respect employee autonomy while maintaining performance standards. Finally, the research suggests avenues for further investigation, such as longitudinal studies to examine long-term productivity trends and sector-specific analyses to understand contextual differences. Overall, this thesis advances scholarly understanding of remote work’s implications in urban environments and offers practical insights for policymakers and organizational leaders striving to optimize telecommuting arrangements in an increasingly digitalized world.