ANALYSIS OF LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION BY FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

• Title Page……………………………………………………………………...................................................i Declaration………………………………………………………………………….…......................................iiCertification……………………………………………………………………….…..........................................iii Dedication …………………………………………………………………………..…........................................iv Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………..…..........................................v Table of contents…………………………………………..................................................................................vi List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………..............................................ix List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….............................................ix List of Appendix………………………………………………………………………..............................................ix Abstract……………………………………………………………………….……….................................................x 

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ……………………………………………………………………...................................................1 INTRODUCTION………………………….………………………………………......................................................1 
• 1.1Background of the study ……………………………………………….……….................................................1 
• 1.2Problem Statement………………………………………………………...........................................................2 
• 1.3Objectives of the study…………………………………………………….….................................................…4 
• 1.4Justification of the Study…………………………………………………….….................................................5

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ……………………………………………………………….……..............................................…6 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………...…………....................................................6 
• 2.1Socio-Economic characteristics of farmers………………..………………….................................................6 
• 2.2Rural household income………..………………………………………….…...................................................8 
• 2.3Rural livelihoods and their natures ………….……………………………….................................................10
• 2.4The concept of livelihood ……………………………………….………….…................................................12 2.
• 4.1Strategies of livelihood...…………………………………………………....................................................14 2.
• 4.2Determinants of livelihood …………………………………………………….............................................15 2.
• 4.3Sustainable livelihood .………………………………………………………................................................15 
• 2.5Empirical study on livelihood diversification .………………………………..................................................16 
• 2.6Empirical study on Logit Regression Model……………………………….................................................…19 

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• ………………………………………………………………..............................................…..23 METHODOLOGY...…………………………………………………………….................................................…….23 
• 3.1Description of the Study Area ………………………………………………...................................................23 
• 3.2Sampling Procedure and sample size .………………………………………................................................25 
• 3.3Method of Data Collection ..……………………………………………….................................................….25 
• 3.4Analytical techniques ………………………………………………………..................................................26 
• 3.5Measurement of Dependent and independent variables………………………...........................................28 

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• ……………………………………………………………….....................................................31  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ….………………………………………………..................................................31 4.
• 1.1Age distribution of the respondents…………………………………………..............................................31 4.
• 1.2Household size of the respondents….………………………..……………...............................................32 4.
• 1.3Educational level of the farmers .…….……….……………………………...............................................33 4.
• 1.4Farming experience of the respondents ……………………………………...............................................33 4.
• 1.5Distribution of respondents according to farm size .................................................................................34 4.
• 1.6Credit obtain by the respondent……………………………………….............................................……....35 4.
• 1.7Distribution of respondent based on membership of cooperative society…...........................................36 4.
• 1.8Distribution of respondent according to their income……………………............................................…..37 
• 4.2Livelihood Activities Engage in by Farmers …………………………….................................................……38
• 4.3Socioeconomic factors influencing farming household livelihood diversification……………………...........39 
• 4.4Impact of diversification on household output, income and level of living……………………………….....42 4.
• 4.1Impact of diversification on household output……………………….…....................................................42 4.
• 4.2Impact of diversification on household income…………………………................................................…43 4.
• 4.3Impact of diversification on household level of living…………………................................................….44 4.4.
• 3.1Hypotheses of the study………………………………………………............................................….….45 
• 4.5Constraints mitigating the farming household …………………………..................................................…..47 

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ………………………………………………………………..................................................…...50 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, & RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………..................................................…50 
• 5.1Summary ……………………………………………………….………......................................................…...50 
• 5.2Conclusion ..………………………………………………….…………….......................................................51 
• 5.3Contribution to knowledge ………………………………………….…….......................................................52 
• 5.4Recommendations ……………………………………………………...................................................…….52 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………................................................….54