Comparative Analysis of Silicon and Wide-Bandgap Power Devices Efficiency

Thesis Abstract

The escalating demand for more efficient, reliable, and compact power electronic systems has intensified research into semiconductors capable of operating at higher voltages, temperatures, and switching frequencies. Despite the widespread adoption of silicon-based power devices over the past decades, the emergence of wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), promises significant improvements in power efficiency and thermal management. Yet, comprehensive comparative evaluations of their performance metrics in real-world conditions remain limited. This study aims to conduct a systematic comparative analysis of the efficiency performance of silicon and WBG power devices, with specific objectives to quantify their conduction and switching losses, evaluate thermal performance under standardized operating conditions, and assess their reliability and longevity in practical applications. The research adopts a quantitative, empirical approach utilizing an experimental research design. The population for the study comprises commercially available silicon-based and WBG power devices, including diodes, transistors, and inverters, sourced from leading manufacturers. A stratified random sampling technique is employed to select a total of 60 devices—30 silicon-based and 30 WBG devices—ensuring representation across device types and ratings. Data collection is conducted through controlled laboratory experiments, where devices are subjected to standardized test circuits measuring parameters such as forward conduction losses, switching transition characteristics, thermal dissipation, and overall energy efficiency. The experimental setup integrates precision instrumentation, including high-speed oscilloscopes, thermal imaging cameras, and digital power analyzers, to capture accurate operational data. Data analysis utilizes statistical techniques such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine significant differences in efficiency metrics between the two device categories, while regression analysis models the relationships among operational variables and efficiency outcomes. The study also employs fault tree analysis to evaluate reliability indices and lifespan estimations under accelerated stress testing. Theoretical frameworks guiding the analysis are grounded in the Electron Theory of Semiconductors and the Device Physics of Wide-Bandgap Materials, providing foundational insights into the inherent material and structural advantages of WBG semiconductors over silicon. It is anticipated that the findings will reveal WBG devices exhibit substantially lower conduction and switching losses, enhanced thermal stability, and higher operational efficiencies compared to silicon-based counterparts. Such improvements are expected to translate into reduced system-level losses, smaller device footprints, and increased operational lifespans. The study aims to fill existing gaps in empirical data regarding the comparative performance of these materials in practical applications and establish a comprehensive performance benchmark for future power electronic design. The contribution to knowledge resides in providing concrete, experimentally validated performance matrices that aid engineers and decision-makers in adopting WBG technologies more confidently. Additionally, the research offers insights into the operational limitations and reliability considerations of both device types within different industrial contexts, fostering informed selection criteria and development strategies. The main conclusion underscores that WBG power devices offer a promising alternative to silicon devices for high-efficiency power conversion, with significant implications for renewable energy systems, electric vehicle drives, and industrial power supplies. Based on these findings, recommendations include prioritizing the integration of WBG devices in high-performance applications, further development of cost-effective fabrication processes to address economic barriers, and extending research to long-term reliability assessments under varied environmental conditions. Future research directions suggested involve exploring the integration of WBG devices in hybrid power systems, evaluating their performance in extreme operational conditions, and developing advanced modeling techniques to predict their lifespan with higher accuracy.