Sanctions and their impact on human rights

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Sanctions are a widely used tool in international relations to enforce compliance with international norms, laws, and regulations. While sanctions serve as a non-military means to address violations of human rights, they also have a significant impact on the enjoyment of human rights by individuals within targeted countries. This research project delves into the complex relationship between sanctions and human rights, examining both the intended effects of sanctions as well as their unintended consequences on vulnerable populations. The study analyzes the various types of sanctions, including economic, trade, and financial sanctions, and their specific implications for different human rights such as the right to food, health, education, and work. By reviewing existing literature and case studies, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how sanctions can affect the realization of human rights in targeted countries. Furthermore, the research explores the legal and ethical dimensions of sanctions in international law, focusing on the principles of proportionality, necessity, and non-discrimination. It investigates how sanctions can sometimes lead to violations of human rights, particularly for marginalized groups, women, children, and refugees. The study also considers the role of international organizations, such as the United Nations, in monitoring and evaluating the human rights impact of sanctions, as well as in providing humanitarian assistance to mitigate negative consequences. Moreover, the research project examines the effectiveness of targeted sanctions in achieving their intended human rights objectives compared to broad-based sanctions that may have widespread humanitarian implications. It considers the importance of cooperation among states, regional organizations, and non-governmental actors in ensuring that sanctions are implemented in a manner that upholds human rights standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to the ongoing debate on the ethical and practical considerations of using sanctions as a tool of foreign policy. By shedding light on the complexities of the relationship between sanctions and human rights, the study offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and advocates seeking to address human rights violations while minimizing adverse effects on civilian populations.