Assessing the Impact of User Interface Design on Mobile App Accessibility for Elderly Users

Thesis Abstract

The rapid proliferation of mobile applications has transformed daily communication and service accessibility, yet elderly users often face significant challenges due to suboptimal user interface (UI) designs that fail to accommodate their unique cognitive, sensory, and motor requirements. This study investigates the impact of UI design elements on the accessibility of mobile apps for elderly users, with the aim of identifying design principles that enhance usability and user satisfaction within this demographic. The specific objectives include evaluating current UI practices in popular mobile applications, assessing elderly users’ perceptions of usability, and proposing an evidence-based framework for designing accessible mobile interfaces tailored to seniors. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative usability testing to offer comprehensive insights into UI accessibility factors. The population comprises 150 elderly adults aged 65 and above, recruited from community centers and senior clubs across metropolitan regions. A stratified random sampling technique ensures diversity concerning gender, educational background, and technological proficiency. Data collection instruments encompass structured questionnaires measuring perceived usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interview guides targeting specific UI components such as font size, color contrast, button size, and navigation structure. Usability testing involves observed task execution in a controlled lab environment, capturing real-time interaction data. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression to determine the relationship between UI design variables and perceived accessibility scores. Qualitative data from interviews will be subjected to thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and design preferences. To deepen the understanding of the findings, the study will apply the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Cognitive Load Theory as foundational frameworks, elucidating how UI elements influence perceived ease of use and cognitive effort among elderly users. It is anticipated that the study will reveal significant correlations between specific UI features—such as adjustable font sizes, high-contrast color schemes, and simplified navigation—and improved usability ratings. Additionally, usability testing is expected to highlight common interaction difficulties, informing targeted design recommendations. The key findings will contribute empirical evidence to the discourse on accessible mobile UI development, emphasizing the importance of user-centered design tailored to the cognitive and physical capabilities of elderly users. The study aims to bridge existing gaps by offering a structured framework that developers and interface designers can adopt to enhance mobile app accessibility for aging populations. The research’s main contribution lies in empirically establishing the salient UI features that directly impact elderly usability and providing practical guidelines for inclusive interface design. Consequently, the study advocates for incorporating adjustable UI elements, minimizing cognitive load, and ensuring clear navigation pathways in mobile application development. The conclusions underscore the necessity of stakeholder collaboration, including designers, developers, and elderly user groups, to create truly accessible mobile interfaces. Recommendations emerging from the findings include integrating customization options within apps, promoting awareness of accessibility features, and adopting iterative user testing with the elderly demographic during development cycles. Future research avenues suggested include longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term usability and satisfaction impacts of implemented design modifications, as well as exploring the effects of emerging technologies such as voice-assisted interfaces and gesture controls on elderly accessibility. Overall, this study aims to inform best practices in mobile UI design and contribute to fostering an inclusive digital environment that accommodates the aging population, ultimately enhancing their digital independence and quality of life.