A PROJECT RESEARCH INTO SERUM CALCIUM LEVEL IN GERIATRIC MEN, COMPERATIVE STUDIES
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of study
- 1.5Limitation of study
- 1.6Scope of study
- 1.7Significance of study
- 1.8Structure of the research
- 1.9Definition of terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Serum Calcium
- 2.2Importance of Serum Calcium in Geriatric Men
- 2.3Factors Affecting Serum Calcium Levels
- 2.4Age-related Changes in Serum Calcium
- 2.5Diseases Associated with Abnormal Serum Calcium
- 2.6Diagnostic Methods for Serum Calcium Evaluation
- 2.7Treatment Approaches for Abnormal Serum Calcium
- 2.8Role of Diet and Nutrition in Regulating Serum Calcium
- 2.9Current Research Trends in Serum Calcium Studies
- 2.10Gaps in Existing Literature on Serum Calcium in Geriatric Men
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Design
- 3.2Sampling Methods
- 3.3Data Collection Techniques
- 3.4Variables and Measures
- 3.5Data Analysis Procedures
- 3.6Ethical Considerations
- 3.7Research Limitations
- 3.8Research Validity and Reliability
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Overview of Research Findings
- 4.2Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants
- 4.3Serum Calcium Levels in Geriatric Men
- 4.4Comparison with Established Reference Ranges
- 4.5Correlation with Health Status and Medical History
- 4.6Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Serum Calcium
- 4.7Association with Bone Health and Fracture Risk
- 4.8Implications for Clinical Practice and Future Research
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Research Findings
- 5.2Conclusions Drawn from the Study
- 5.3Contributions to Existing Knowledge
- 5.4Recommendations for Future Research
- 5.5Practical Implications for Healthcare Professionals
- 5.6Limitations of the Study
- 5.7Suggestions for Further Investigation
- 5.8Conclusion and Final Remarks
Thesis Abstract
Calcium is the most important mineral in the body. The body needs calcium for normal functioning of nerves and muscles including the most important muscles of all which is the heart. Calcium is also important for healthy bones and teeth. The amount of calcium in the blood is carefully controlled by the body’s hormonal systems. The body gets calcium from diary products, some vegetables (such as broccoli), and some fortified foods. Calcium can also be obtained from taken pills containing calcium. Most of the body’s calcium is stored in the bones and only small amount is found in the blood (serum). Calcium is maintained within a fairly narrow range from 8.5 to 10.5mg/dl (4.3 to 5.3meq/l or 2.2 to 2.7mmol/l). The estimation of serum calcium level is fraught with possible errors. Several means of contamination might lead to false elevations of serum calcium concentration. Before the test is carried out, one does not need to fast or limit ones activity before the test. Rather certain medicine/drugs needed to be avoided before the test, because they might affect the test result. The result of the experiment can be calculated, since the differences in serum calcium is significance with the age differences. Those with the age bracket (50 years & above) have lesser serum calcium level than those in the range of 20 to 30 years.Thesis Overview
1.1.0: INTRODUCTIONSerum Calcium level in Geriatric men.
Calcium is the most common mineral in the body and one of the most important elements. The body needs it to build and fix bones and teeth, help nerves work, make muscles squeeze together, help blood clot, and help the heart to work. Almost all of the calcium in the body is stored in the bone. The rest is found in the blood.
Normally the level of calcium in the blood is carefully controlled. When blood calcium levels get low (hypocalcemia), the bones release calcium to bring it back to a normal blood level. When blood calcium levels get high (hypercalcemia), the extra calcium is stored in the bones or passed out of the body in urine and stool.
The of serum calcium level appears to be associated with blood pressure and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
1.2.0: The amount of calcium in the body depends on the amount of:
Dietary Calcium.
Calcium and vitamin D absorb by intestines.
Phosphate in the body.
Certain hormones, including parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and estrogen in the body.
Vitamin D: these hormones help control the amount of calcium in the body. They also control the amount of calcium absorbed from food and the amount passed from the body in urine and stool. The blood levels of phosphate are closely linked to calcium levels and they work in opposite ways: As blood calcium levels get high, phosphate levels get low, and the opposite is also true.
The aim and objective of this study is to:
- Determine the serum calcium levels in geriatric men aged 50 years and above.
- Compare the values obtained with age group 20 to 30 years
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