Effect of interface on the quality of petroleum product in multi purpose pipeline system

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p><strong>1.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>Nigerian Pipeline and Depot Operations comprises of two main products; Viz: white and black products which are further broken down into:</p><p>1. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; White products</p><p>a. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Premium Motor Spirit (PMS)</p><p>b. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Automative Gas Oil (AGO)</p><p>c. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK)</p><p>d. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;House Hold Kerosene (HHK)</p><p>e. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Aviation Turbine Kerosene (ATK)</p><p>2. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; BLACK PRODUCTS:</p><p>a. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Locally Produced Crude</p><p>b. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Gulf Crude</p><p>c. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bonny light</p><p>d. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Ughlli Quality Control Crude</p><p>e. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Imported Crude</p><p>f. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Lagomar Crude</p><p>g. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Arabia Light Crude</p><p>In consideration of three major sub-products in white products, namely, PMS, DPK, AGO. These products travel through the pipeline network from one location storage facilities to another. However, as the products are traveling through the pipeline network, there will be a point or phase where two products will mix together. The pint of the mixture is referred to as interface or when any two products are pumped in succession through a multi-product pipeline, the zone of demarcation between them where mixing occurs is called the interface. These three products (DPK, AGO &amp; PMS) are being used in our every day live, that is they are being used in some heavy duty machines, cars, lorries, generators and for domestic uses.</p><p>These products are being monitored when they are traveling through the pipeline by checking their point or zone of mixture (interface) with this type of checking, it will be hardly to obtained a contaminated products.</p><p>It is implied that once interface has correctly monitored and cut into its tank, there will be no room for a low quality products; so that when concumed by the public will no impose larger to human health, life, property and the environment generally.</p><p>Further more, almost all production industries uses these products in the machine operation to enhance smooth, production and efficiency of their machine. The interface is of two classes; viz critical and non-critical interface, these two types are treated in the literature review.</p> <br><p></p>