Analysis of bush pear and it's oil

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><div><p><strong>1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY</strong></p><p>The generic name “Dacryodes” was derived from the Greek word “Dakruon” meaning [tear] referring to resin droplets on the bank surface of its member while “Edulis” means edible emphasizing the importance of nutrients fruits in the plants cultivation .The plant belongs to the family Burseraceae whose members are characterized by an ovary of 2to 5 cells, prominent as inducts in the bark, wood, and intrasteminal disk (Chunduff, 1984). The genus Dacryodes consist of about 10 species (Verheji, 2002). However (Rehn, 1984) indicated 80 species to encompass sub species of varieties, form and cultivars. Two varieties are recognized; Var-parvicarpa and Var-edulis whose conical fruit is smaller with the pulp. Var-edulis exhibit verticulate or sub-verticulate branching while4the branching is slender and opposite or bifurcate in var-parvicarpa (Okafor et.al 1983).Dacryodesedulis is an indigenous fruit in the Gulf of Guinea and central African countries(Troupin, 1950), but due to the popularity of the nutritious fruit for consumption, the plant is widely cultivated, extend its area of distribution to Sierra-Leone, Uganda, Angola, Zimbabwe and Nigeria. It rarely grows wild, thus the natural area of distribution is obscure (verheji,2002). Lam gave four synonyms viz to the Dacryodesedulis :CarnaruimedulieHook.f, CarnaruimsaphuEngl, Pachylobusedulis (G.don) Hook. F. and PachylobussaphuEngl (Burkill ,1985,National research council,1996).However, these synonyms have long been considered as the most unambiguous synonyms (Boutelje,1980).The common names are in English, African pear, African pear tree, Bush butter, Bush butter tree, Bush fruit tree, Eben tree, Native pear (Kapseu and Tchiegang, 1996) and in French, Safoutier (Burkill, 1985). The oil of fruits of DacryodesEdulis is a rich source of amino acids and triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil of two cultivars of bush pear [cultivar1 and cultivar2] grown in Nigeria were determined. The oil is found in the pulp which is made up of 48% of oil and a plantation can produce 7.8 tons of oil per hectare. It is also rich in vitamins and a rich source of amino acids triglycerides (Derbyshire.et al 1976).5Bush pear oil is one of the most important rated versatile vegetable oil. This is due to its uses in various spheres of life, most especially as a very healthy food ingredient.</p><p><strong>1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES</strong></p><p>This project is aimed at the analysis of bush pear and its oil.The main objective of this study is to carry out proximate analysis and physio-chemical properties of African pear oil extracted by solvent methods. This physio-chemical properties determined are specific gravity, refractive index, ph value, boiling point, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, and saponification value. To achieve the objectives of this project, it is important to:-a) Select the best suited solvent for optimum yield.b) Characterize the extracted oil for compositions and properties.c) Test the suitability of the oil.6</p><p><strong>1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM</strong>This research work involves the analysis of African pear and its oil though the food crop African pear potential is rated one of the highest oil producing fruit crop yet it begs the question of its potential.Furthermore, this project will answer the following questions;i) Solvent extraction by solvent methodii) What is the optimum yield of the particle size using n- hexane?iii) Is there significant difference in the characterization of the extracted oil as compared to theoretical value in terms of;1) Chemical properties (Acid value, iodine value, saponification value and peroxide value).2) Physical properties (specific gravity, density, viscosity, refractive index).3) Chemical composition (protein crude, fibre, carbohydrate and moisture.1.4 SIGNIFICANCE/ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDYCharacterizing the potentials of African pear/African pear oil for many purposes has several implications. Communities in the West African countries are significantly dependent on financial gain from agrarian enterprise.7It is hope that from the project, optimum extraction parameters which are quality of the oil would be established, the result would add to the data bank that could help potential industrialist who intends to go into vegetable table oil production from African pear. A crop that experiences a post harvest loss in excess of 40% in areas where malnutrition is prevalent is a problem for potentials to reclaim the lost percentage of either food or other purposes is advantageous for producers and consumers alike.Furthermore, the development of crops with indigenous appeal can strengthen the agricultural and energy sectors of struggling economics, identifying the oils fuels quantities, whether favorable or not, will help to inform future crop and industry development.</p><p>1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY</p><p>In this project work, we intend to analyze and extract completely African pear and its oil. Many research work has been done in giving a detailed composition found in African pear. But this research account on the optimum route to:i) Extraction of vegetable oil from bush pear.ii) Separation of pure oil from the solvent.iii) Characterization of the African pear.8iv) Characterization of the oil extracted.Due to the low yield of the above method (mechanical method) of extraction, soxhlet and cold method of extraction are used i.e. solvent</p><p></p></div><h3></h3><br> <br><p></p>