THE EFFECT OF VISUAL LEARNING AIDS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A CASE OF MAGU DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

•                 TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ............................................................................ ii COPYRIGHT ................................................................................. iii DECLARATION ............................................................................. iv Date.............................................................................................. iv DEDICATION ................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................... xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................. xv 

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ............................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... 1 
• 1.1Introduction ............................................................................. 1 
• 1.2Background to the Problem........................................................... 1 
• 1.3Statement of the Problem ............................................................. 4 
• 1.4General Objective...................................................................... 5 1.
• 4.1Specific Objectives .................................................................... 6 
• 1.5Research Questions.................................................................... 6 
• 1.6Significance of the Study ............................................................. 7 
• 1.7Scope of the Study ..................................................................... 7 
• 1.8Limitation of the Study................................................................ 8 
• 1.9Delimitation of the Study ............................................................. 8 

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• .............................................................................. 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 9 
• 2.1Introduction ............................................................................. 9 
• 2.2Theories of Visual Aids in Learning ................................................ 9 2.
• 2.1Dual-Coding Theory................................................................... 9 2.
• 2.2Multimedia Theory .................................................................. 10 2.2.
• 2.1Selection............................................................................... 10 2.2.
• 2.2Organization .......................................................................... 10 2.2.
• 2.3Integration............................................................................. 11 2.
• 2.3Instructional Theory ................................................................. 11 2.
• 2.4Learners Centred Approach ........................................................ 12 2.
• 2.5Integrationist Theory ................................................................ 13 2.
• 2.6Effectiveness of Visual Learning Aids for the Intended Learners............ 14 2.
• 2.7Physical Qualities of Visual Learning Aids...................................... 14 2.
• 2.8Appropriateness Use of Visual Learning Aids on Students Learning Process.................... 15 
• 2.3Empirical Literature ................................................................. 16 2.
• 3.1A Study on the Usefulness of Audio-Visual Aids in English Language Teaching.................. 16 2.
• 3.2A Study to Compare Traditional and Modern Methods of Learning by Using Audio Visual Aids ................................................................................................................................... 17 2.
• 3.3The Importance of Visual Learning Aids in Tanzania Public Secondary Schools ................. 18 
• 2.4The Gap in the Literature ........................................................... 18 
• 2.5Conceptual Framework ............................................................. 19 

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• ......................................................................... 21 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 21 
• 3.1Introduction ........................................................................... 21 
• 3.2Research Design ..................................................................... 21 
• 3.3Description of the Study Area...................................................... 22 
• 3.4Study Population ..................................................................... 22 
• 3.5Sampling Techniques................................................................ 23 
• 3.6Data Collection Methods and Instruments ....................................... 23 3.
• 6.1Questionnaires........................................................................ 24 3.
• 6.2Documentary Review Guide ....................................................... 24 3.
• 6.3Interview questions .................................................................. 24 3.
• 6.4Data Processing and Analysis...................................................... 24 
• 3.7Validity and Reliability ............................................................. 24 3.
• 7.1Validity ................................................................................ 25 3.
• 7.2Reliability ............................................................................. 25 
• 3.8Ethical Considerations................................................................ 25 

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• ........................................................................... 27 FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................................... 27 
• 4.1Introduction ........................................................................... 27 
• 4.2Characteristics of Respondents .................................................... 27  
• 4.3Age Distribution ..................................................................... 28 
• 4.4Data Presentation .................................................................... 29 4.
• 4.1Discussion of the Findings.......................................................... 33 
• 4.5To Identify the Type of Visual Learning Aids that Secondary School Teachers in Magu District Used and their Effect on Students Learning Outcomes..................................................... 34 4.
• 5.1Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 35 
• 4.6The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty in Magu District Secondary Schools............................................................................................. 36 4.
• 6.1Heads of Schools..................................................................... 36 4.
• 6.2The District Education Officer..................................................... 37 4.
• 6.3Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 37 
• 4.7Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students in Examinations in Magu District ......................................................................................................... 37 4.
• 7.1Shortage of Teachers ................................................................ 37 4.
• 7.2Poverty of Parents.................................................................... 38 4.
• 7.3Students Views on Poor Performance ............................................ 38 

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ............................................................................ 40 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................... 40 
• 5.1Introduction ........................................................................... 40 
• 5.2Summary of

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• - 5 .......................................................... 40 5.
• 2.1National Form Four Examination Performance in 2013 and 2014 ........... 40 5.
• 2.2The Type of Visual Learning Aids in Magu District ........................... 41 5.
• 2.3The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty........... 41 5.
• 2.4Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students...................... 41 
• 5.3Conclusion of the Study............................................................. 42 
• 5.4Recommendations ................................................................... 43 5.
• 4.1Affirmative Action on Availability of Learning Aids .......................... 43 5.
• 4.2Re-Invigorating Professionalism in Teachers.................................... 43 5.
• 4.3Area for Further Research .......................................................... 44 REFERENCES............................................................................... 45 APPENDICES................................................................................ 50