Studies on the phytochemical and nutritional composition of aqueous leaf extract of justicia carnea and its effect on some biochemical parameters in anaemic rats.

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical and nutritional composition of the aqueous leaf extract of Justicia carnea and its effect on some biochemical parameters in anaemic rats. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides in the extract. The nutritional analysis showed the extract to be rich in carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals essential for overall health. The experimental induction of anemia in rats was achieved by feeding them a low-iron diet for 21 days. The anaemic rats were then treated with the aqueous leaf extract of Justicia carnea at different doses for 14 days. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit levels were significantly increased in the treated groups compared to the untreated anaemic rats. This indicates a potential role of the extract in improving the hemoglobin levels and overall red blood cell count. Furthermore, the extract administration led to a significant decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the liver and kidney tissues of the anaemic rats. This suggests that the extract may possess antioxidant properties that can help in reducing oxidative stress associated with anemia. Additionally, the extract treatment resulted in a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats. Overall, the aqueous leaf extract of Justicia carnea demonstrated significant potential in improving the hematological parameters and reducing oxidative stress in anaemic rats. The presence of phytochemicals and essential nutrients in the extract further supports its potential as a nutritional supplement for managing anemia and improving overall health. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the observed effects and to explore the potential use of Justicia carnea extract in the management of anemia in clinical settings.