INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The differential impact of distinct antiestrogens (AEs) is the result of varying structural perturbations they confer to estrogen receptors (ERs) when these small-molecule synthetic compounds compete with endogenous hormones, such as 17β-estradiol. These structural changes translate to altered ability of ERs to conscript cofactors and consequently alter the transcription of their target genes. AEs, depending on the mechanism of action, are classified as either selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which display tamoxifen-like partial agonism, or as selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) that confer structurally induced posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that destine these receptors for proteosomal degradation. The conformational plasticity of the ER helix 12 (H12) and how its dynamics and conformational sampling is altered by different AEs are crucial to cofactor recruitment and selectivity, translating to varying degrees of receptor modulation and downstream functional effects. Dissecting these conformational state fluctuations within the context of variable cofactor profiles in different tissues, PTM induction, and emergence of hormonal treatment-related resistance mutations in ERs could lead to improved design of novel therapeutic molecules for breast cancer.
Keywords
Nuclear receptor Estrogen Tamoxifen Breast cancer SERM Raloxifene
📚 Over 50,000 Research Thesis
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Thesis-to-Journal Publication
🎓 Undergraduate/Postgraduate Thesis
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery
This research is about creating a clear and practical framework that can be used to assess how well students in universities develop their information literacy ...
This research focuses on developing a clear and practical framework for how courts and judges can better include digital evidence when making legal decisions. D...
This research focuses on developing a new way to evaluate risks in insurance by bringing together concepts from behavioral economics. Traditionally, insurance c...
This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework that helps manufacturing companies optimize their systems for sustainability while maintaining high effi...
This research aims to create a comprehensive and personalized approach to dietary interventions for people with diabetes. Diabetes management often involves rec...
This research focuses on understanding how post-colonial countries’ stories and perspectives have influenced international diplomacy during the 20th century. ...
This research focuses on creating a comprehensive model to help increase physical activity among teenagers. Adolescents often engage less in physical activity t...
This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework to improve how adolescents make career choices. Many young people face difficulty in selecting suitable ...
This research explores how to combine two different geophysical methods—seismic and electromagnetic (EM) surveys—to better understand what lies beneath the ...