Phytochemical analysis and the anti-inflammatory activities of dichloromethane fraction of methhanol extract of crateva adansonii
Table Of Contents
- Title page………………………………………………………………… iCertification……………………………………………………………. iiDedication………………………………………………………………. iiiAcknowledgement…………………………………………………. ivAbstract…………………………………………………………………. vTable of Content…………………………………………………… viCHAPTER ONE1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………
- 171.2Crateva adansonii as a plant..…………………….
- 41.3Research aim and objectives……………………… 7CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Definition of Inflammation……………………..
- 82.1Characteristics of Inflammation……………….
- 82.2Classes of Inflammation…………………………
- 92.3Types of Inflammation…………………………….
- 102.4Chemical mediators of Inflammation………… 132.
- 4.0Properties of Mediators……………………….. 1682.
- 4.1Histamine………………………………………… 182.
- 4.2Serotonin (5- Hydroxy tryptamine)………… 212.
- 4.3Cytokines………………………………………………….. 242.
- 4.4Arachidonic acid ……………………………………… 302.
- 4.5Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)……………… 342.
- 4.6Free Radicals……………………………………. 362.4.
- 6.1Nitric Oxide (NO)……………………………… 372.4.
- 6.2Oxygen-derived free radicals………………. 402.4.
- 7.0Complement system…………………………. 4192.4.
- 7.1The clotting system/Coagulation system. 452.4.
- 7.2The Kinin System……………………………. 482.4.
- 7.3The fibrinolytic system……………………… 502.
- 5.0Anti-Inflammatory agents………………….. 532.
- 5.1Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) 532.5.
- 1.0Mechanism of Action of NSAIDS…………. 552.
- 5.2Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs……….. 58CHAPTER THREEMATERIAL AND METHODS3.1 Materials……………………………………………… 60103.
- 1.1Equipment/Apparatus used…………………… 603.
- 1.2Chemical, Solvents and Reagents…………….. 613.
- 1.3Animals…………………………………………………..
- 623.2Methodology………………………………………………. 633.
- 2.1Collection and preparation of Plant Materials….. 633.
- 2.2Extraction…………………………………………………
- 633.3Fractionation……………………………………………… 643.
- 3.1Gel Column Chromatography………………………. 643.
- 4.Identification of Phytochemical groupsin the extract……………………………………………. 653.
- 4.1Preparation of Reagents for phytochemical11analysis……………………………………………………. 653.
- 4.2Qualitative phytochemical analysisof the Extract…………………………………………….
- 663.5Thin Layer Chromatography…………………………
- 713.6Anti-inflammatory activity test. …………………… 72CHAPTER FOURResult……………………………………………………………. 75CHAPTER FIVEDiscussion……………………………………………………… 79Conclusion……………………………………………………… 81References………………………………………………………. 82Appendixes……………………………………………… 8712
Thesis Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damage cells or irritants (Ryan & Majno, 1983). The urgency generated by increased rate of stroke, atherosclerosis attribute due to prolonged use of cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors have accelerated anti-inflammatory drug research over the last decade while synthetic pharmaceutical agents continued to dominate research (Ryan & Majno, 1983). Attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. These are often more affordable and available and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional anti- inflammatory drugs.Anti-inflammation was carried out using 12 rats which was divided into three groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 and 2 served as the negative and positive control respectively. Group 3 received 25mg/kg b.w. of the dichloromethane fraction of methanol extract of6Crateva adansonii showed significance anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard difference used.
Thesis Overview
<p> </p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION AIM AND OBJECTIVES</strong></p><p>Inflammation is one of body’s natural ways of protecting itself. It is also an essential reaction of the body to infection. Too little of an inflammatory response, and the body is unable to repel microbial invasions or heal injuries. Too much of an inflammatory response, and the immune system begins attacking the body’s own organs eventually leading to chronic disease (Sears, 2000).Anti-Inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. There are obvious clinical markers of inflammation which include pain, redness, fever, swelling and loss of function (Pai et al. 2004). However if inflammation is allowed to continue unchecked it may results in neurodegenerative disease or cancer (Pai et al. 2004). A variety of safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents are available including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids</p> <br><p></p>Blazingprojects Mobile App
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