Isolation, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bioactive constituents from the leaf extract of adenodolichos paniculatus (hua) hutch. & dalz (fabaceae) | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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Isolation, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bioactive constituents from the leaf extract of adenodolichos paniculatus (hua) hutch. & dalz (fabaceae)

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Bioactive Constituents
  • 2.2Extraction Methods
  • 2.3Isolation Techniques
  • 2.4Characterization of Bioactive Compounds
  • 2.5Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents
  • 2.6Previous Studies on Similar Compounds
  • 2.7Mechanisms of Action
  • 2.8Synergistic Effects
  • 2.9Stability of Bioactive Compounds
  • 2.10Applications in Medicine and Industry

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Design
  • 3.2Sampling Methods
  • 3.3Data Collection Procedures
  • 3.4Data Analysis Techniques
  • 3.5Instrumentation and Materials
  • 3.6Ethical Considerations
  • 3.7Validity and Reliability
  • 3.8Statistical Methods

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Analysis of Data
  • 4.2Interpretation of Results
  • 4.3Comparison with Hypotheses
  • 4.4Discussion of Findings
  • 4.5Implications of Results
  • 4.6Recommendations for Future Research
  • 4.7Limitations of the Study
  • 4.8Conclusions Drawn

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Summary of Findings
  • 5.2Conclusion
  • 5.3Contributions to the Field
  • 5.4Practical Applications
  • 5.5Suggestions for Further Research
  • 5.6Final Remarks

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Adenodolichos paniculatus (Hua) Hutch. & Dalz (Fabaceae) is a plant with traditional medicinal uses in various regions. This study focused on the isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity evaluation of bioactive constituents from the leaf extract of A. paniculatus. The extraction process involved the use of appropriate solvents to obtain the crude extract. Various chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed for the isolation and purification of the bioactive compounds. Characterization of the isolated compounds was carried out using spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and MS. These techniques provided valuable information about the chemical structures of the bioactive constituents present in the leaf extract. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. The agar well diffusion method and microdilution technique were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition of the compounds. The results of the study revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaf extract of A. paniculatus with significant antimicrobial properties. The isolated compounds exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The MIC values indicated the concentration at which the compounds effectively inhibited the growth of the microorganisms. Furthermore, the zone of inhibition results demonstrated the ability of the compounds to prevent the growth of the pathogens in the agar medium. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the bioactive constituents present in the leaf extract of A. paniculatus and their antimicrobial potential. The isolation and characterization of these compounds contribute to the understanding of the plant's therapeutic properties and may have implications for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms of action of the bioactive compounds and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>The plant <em>Adenodolichos paniculatus</em>&nbsp;which is used in ethno – medicin </p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>The plant <em>Adenodolichos paniculatus</em>&nbsp;which is used in ethno – medicine for the treatment of blennorrhoea, diarrhea, dysentery, small pox, heart burn and wound dressing was investigated for its chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity. The leaves of this plant were subjected to microwave assisted extraction to obtain <em>n</em>&nbsp;– hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The extracts were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins and steroids/terpenes. Purification through various column chromatography, the ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of compounds X1 (mixture of stigmasterol and β – sitosterol) and X2 (nonanoic acid) after spectral analysis IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Determination of inhibitory activity (sensitivity test) using agar well diffusion method showed activity i.e. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi,</em>&nbsp;and <em>Candida albicans</em>&nbsp;ranging from 12 – 50 mg/ml, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration/ Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) ranging from 25 – 50 mg/ml, which is found to be bacteriostatic against <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. <em>Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em>&nbsp;<em>Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtili </em>showed no MBC (Bacteriostatic) for the methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and <em>n</em>&nbsp;–hexane extract.</p><p></p></div><h3><br></h3></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p></p>

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