EFFECTS OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS ON STUDENTS` ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.

•             TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE ....................................................................................................................i DEDICATION....................................................................................................................ii CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................v ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................xi OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS................................................................xii ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ xiii 

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• 1.
• 1.Background to the Study....................................1 1.
• 2.Statement of the Problem......................................................................................3 1.
• 3.Objectives of the Study .........................................................................................4 1.
• 4.Research Questions...............................................................................................4 1.
• 5.Hypotheses............................................................................................................5 1.
• 6.Significance of the Study ......................................................................................5 1.
• 7.Scope of the Study ................................................................................................6 

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• 2.
• 1.Introduction ...................................7 2.
• 2.Theoretical frame work .........................................................................................7 2.
• 3.General Instructional Materials...........................................................................10 2.3.
• 1.Categories of instruction materials and resources...............................................10 2.3.
• 2.Instructional resources for primary and secondary schools...............................12 2.
• 4.Concept of Audio-visual aids..............................................................................13 2.5.
• 1.Television............................................................................................................14 2.5.
• 2.How to Teach with Television ............................................................................15 2.5.
• 3.Computer image Projection................................................................................16 2.5.
• 4.Internet ................................................................................................................17 2.5.
• 5.Video-tape recorder.............................................................................................18 2.
• 6.The Importance of Audio-visual aids in Teaching-Learning Process.................19 2.
• 7.Academic Achievement ......................................................................................21 2.
• 8.Concept of Comprehension.................................................................................22 2.
• 9.Concept of Demonstration ..................................................................................22 2.
• 10.Concept of Cooperation ......................................................................................23 2.
• 11.Empirical Studies................................................................................................23 Summary...........................................................................................................................27 

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 3.
• 1.Introduction .........................................28 3.
• 2.Research Design..................................................................................................28 3.
• 3.Population ...........................................................................................................29 3.
• 4.Sample and Sampling Procedure ........................................................................29 3.
• 5.Instrumentation ...................................................................................................303.5.
• 1.Validity................................................................................................................30 3.5.
• 2.Reliability............................................................................................................31 3.
• 6.Data Gathering Procedures .................................................................................31 3.
• 7.Statistical Analysis Procedure.............................................................................32 

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.
• 1.Introduction ...........................................33 4.
• 2.Data analysis .......................................................................................................33 4.
• 3.Major Findings....................................................................................................37 4.
• 4.Contribution to knowledge..................................................................................37 4.
• 5.Discussions of the Findings ................................................................................38 

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.
• 1.Introduction ................................................................................................................................................41 5.
• 2.Summary .............................................................................................................41 5.
• 3.Conclusions.........................................................................................................41 5.
• 4.Recommendations...............................................................................................42 5.
• 5.Suggestions for further studies............................................................................43