Comparative properties of the methyl and ethyl esters produced from avocado (persea americana) pulp oil
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of study
- 1.5Limitation of study
- 1.6Scope of study
- 1.7Significance of study
- 1.8Structure of the research
- 1.9Definition of terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Methyl Esters
- 2.2Properties of Methyl Esters
- 2.3Production of Methyl Esters
- 2.4Applications of Methyl Esters
- 2.5Overview of Ethyl Esters
- 2.6Properties of Ethyl Esters
- 2.7Production of Ethyl Esters
- 2.8Applications of Ethyl Esters
- 2.9Comparative Analysis of Methyl and Ethyl Esters
- 2.10Previous Studies on Avocado Pulp Oil Esters
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Design
- 3.2Sampling Methods
- 3.3Data Collection Techniques
- 3.4Data Analysis Procedures
- 3.5Ethical Considerations
- 3.6Research Limitations
- 3.7Validity and Reliability
- 3.8Research Instrumentation
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Overview of Research Findings
- 4.2Analysis of Methyl Ester Properties
- 4.3Analysis of Ethyl Ester Properties
- 4.4Comparative Analysis Results
- 4.5Discussion on Production Techniques
- 4.6Implications of Comparative Properties
- 4.7Recommendations for Further Research
- 4.8Practical Applications of Findings
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Findings
- 5.2Conclusion
- 5.3Contribution to Knowledge
- 5.4Implications for Industry
- 5.5Recommendations for Practice
- 5.6Areas for Future Research
- 5.7Final Thoughts
- 5.8References
Thesis Abstract
Biodiesel was produced from Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp oil by trans esterification with methanol and ethanol (61 methanol/ethanol-to-oil ratio) using 0.09% sodium hydroxide as catalyst in 60 minutes reaction time. The percentage yield of the methyl ester was 78% while that of the ethyl ester yield was 66%. Avocado pulp oil (APO) biodiesel obtained in each case showed good qualities on characterization with the fuel properties showing good qualities and promising diverse applications for various purposes. The brown coloured APO methyl ester was of similar acid value (0.8) with the standard ASTM D6751, with relative density (0.86) similar with that of the standard ASTM D975 petrodiesel but with slightly higher kinematic viscosity (8.1cst) than those of petrodiesel, while the ethyl ester has a higher acid value (1.26) and the relative density was 0.01 above that of petrodiesel. The pour point of the methyl eroster (-40C) and that of the ethyl ester (-20C) were within the standards specified by ASTM D975 for petrodiesel and ASTM D6751 for biodiesel.
Thesis Overview
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