AN ASSESSMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION

•              TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….. iii DEDICATION…………………………………………………………... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………...……..viii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………...…...... xi 

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• . INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………...1 1.
• 1.Biology Curriculum Implementation in Turkey……..….....................……. 12 1.
• 2.Purpose of the Study……………………………………....................…..... 15 1.
• 3.Significance of the Study……………………………..…….....................… 15 1.
• 4.Definition of Terms…………………………………...…….......................… 16 

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ................................................................................................17
• 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………...................... 17 2.
• 1.Curriculum Implementation Research in 1970’s………......................…..… 17 2.
• 2.Determinants of Implementation……….…………………..........................…. 23 2.
• 3.Curriculum Implementation Research After 1970’s…....…............................. 30 2.3.
• 1.Teachers and Curriculum Implementation……….….............................…... 30 2.3.1.
• 1.Change and Teacher Development…………….......................................… 38 2.3.
• 2.Classroom Environment and Curriculum Implementation………………….. 40 2.
• 4.Biology Education and Curriculum Implementation in Turkey………………………… 44 2.
• 5.Conclusion………………………………………………….... 51 

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• .............................................................................53
• 3.METHOD…………………………………………………………. 53 3.
• 1.Overall Design of the Study……………………………..…... 53 3.
• 2.Research Questions……………………………………..……. 54 3.
• 3.Population and Selection of Sample…………………..……... 55 3.
• 4.Data Collection Instrument……………………………..……. 58 3.
• 5.Data Analysis…………………………………………..…….. 59 3.
• 6.Limitations of the Study………………………………...……. 60 

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• ......................................................................62
• 4.RESULTS…………………………………………………………. 62 4.
• 1.Demographic Information about Teachers………….………. 62 4.
• 2.Physical Structure and Facilities of Schools………….……... 66 4.
• 3.Perceptions of Biology Curriculum…………………..……… 69 4.3.
• 1.Goals, Content and Teaching in Biology Education……. 69 4.3.1.
• 1.Required Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes about Biology……………………………. 69 4.3.1.
• 2.How Biology Should be Taught?……….…...….................................. 71 4.3.
• 2.Perceptions of New Curriculum…………………..........................…….... 73 4.3.2.
• 1.How Do Teachers Use the New Curriculum?……............................... 77 4.3.2.
• 2.Changes in Teaching with the New Curriculum….................................. 78 4.3.2.
• 3.Factors Influencing Learning Environment and Curriculum Implementation………….. 80 4.
• 4.Student Attitudes and Influences on Curriculum Implementation…………………….…….. 83 4.4.
• 1.Beliefs and Perceptions of Students…………………...............................................… 83 4.4.
• 2.Why Students Like Biology Classes?………………....................................................….. 84 4.4.
• 3.Why Students Don’t Like Biology Classes?…………................................................. 85 4.4.
• 4.How Students’ Level Influence the Process of Curriculum Implementation and Learning Environment?. ...................................................................................................87 4.
• 5.Instruction………………………………………….………... 89 4.5.
• 1.Teaching Methods and Techniques Used During Instruction……………………………... 89 4.5.
• 2.Instructional Materials Used During Instruction……... 112 4.5.
• 3.Laboratory Studies……………………………………. 126 4.5.3.
• 1.How Often Laboratory Studies are Carried Out?................................ 126 4.5.3.
• 2.Strategies Followed During Laboratory Studies…. 128 4.5.
• 4.Problems Faced During Instruction…………….. 132 4.
• 6.Summary of the Results……..……………………….……... .136 

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ..............................................................................................145
• 5.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS……………………….. 145 5.
• 1.Conclusions……………………………………….………... 145 5.1.
• 1.Implementation of Curriculum Intentions in Biology Classes…………………………... 145 5.1.
• 2.Local, School and Classroom Level Factors Influencing the Process of Curriculum Implementation……..................................................……. 147 5.1.2.
• 1.Local Level Factors…………………………….. 148 5.1.2.
• 2.School Level Factors……………………...……... 148 5.1.2.
• 3.Classroom Level Factors……………………….. 150 5.1.2.3.
• 1.Teacher Related Factors………………..…... 151 5.1.2.3.1.
• 1.Teacher Characteristics…………..…... 151 5.1.2.3.1.
• 2.Teacher Beliefs and Perceptions…..…. 154 5.1.2.3.
• 2.Student Related Factors……………..……… 158 5.1.
• 3.Implications for Practice…………………………….... 159 5.1.
• 4.Implications for Future Research…………………….. 163 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………... 164 APPENDIX A. BIOLOGY CURRICULUM and INSTRUCTION EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE…………………………... 171