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Prevalence of salmonella spp. and e. coli on some automated teller machine (atm) surfaces within kaduna-north local government, kaduna state
Prevalence of salmonella spp. and e. coli on some automated teller machine (atm) surfaces within kaduna-north local government, kaduna state
Table Of Contents
- Title page – – – – – – – – – iDedication – – – – – – – – iiDeclaration – – – – – – – – – iiiProject Approval – – – – – – – – ivAcknowledgement – – – – – – – – vTable of content – – – – – – – – viAbstract – – – – – – – – – viiCHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – –
- 11.1 Aim – – – – – – – – –
- 41.2 Objectives – – – – – – – –
- 41.3Statement of Research Problem – – – – – –
- 41.4 Justification – – – – – – – – 5CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature review- – – – – – – –
- 62.1 An automated Teller Machine (ATM machine) – – – –
- 62.2 History and invention of ATM machines – – – –
- 62.3 ATMs contact surfaces – – – – – – –
- 72.4 Hygiene – – – – – – – – –
- 82.5Poor personal hygiene – – – – – – –
- 82.6 Cross contamination – – – – – – –
- 92.7 Outbreak associated with ATM contact surfaces- – – –
- 92.8 Contributing factors to illness- – – – – – –
- 102.9Enteric Bacteria – – – – – – – – 132.
- 1.1Selected genera of the Family Enterobacteriaceae – – – 162.1.2Escherichia coli– – – – – – – – – 16 2.
- 1.3Salmonella species. – – – – – – – 21CHAPTER THREE3.0 Materials and methods – – – – – – –
- 233.1Sampling sites – – – – – – – –
- 233.2 Sample collection – – – – – – –
- 233.3 Media preparation – – – – – – –
- 243.4 Bacteriological Procedures – – – – – – 243.
- 4.1 Serial dilution – – – – – – – – 243.
- 4.2 Inoculation and incubation of samples – – – – 253.
- 4.3Gram staining – – – – – – – –
- 263.5 Biochemical tests – – – – – – – 273.
- 5.1 Citrate utilization test – – – – – – – 273.
- 5.2 Indole test – – – – – – – – 273.
- 5.3 Methyl red test – – – – – – – – 273.
- 5.4 Voges-Proskauer test – – – – – – – 283.
- 5.5 Triple sugar iron test – – – – – – – 283.
- 5.6 Urease test – – – – – – – – 28CHAPTER FOUR4.0 Results – – – – – – – – – 30
Thesis Abstract
AbstractThis research project aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli on some Automated Teller Machine (ATM) surfaces within Kaduna-North Local Government, Kaduna State. The study was conducted to assess the potential public health risks associated with ATM usage in a high-traffic urban area. A total of 50 ATM surfaces were sampled and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli using standard microbiological methods. The results revealed that 30% of the sampled ATM surfaces were contaminated with Salmonella spp., while 20% showed contamination with E. coli. The presence of these pathogens on ATM surfaces highlights the importance of regular cleaning and disinfection to prevent potential transmission of pathogens to ATM users. Further research is recommended to explore the sources and transmission routes of these pathogens on ATM surfaces, as well as to assess the effectiveness of different cleaning protocols in reducing microbial contamination on public touchpoints like ATMs. Overall, this study underscores the need for increased awareness and hygiene practices to minimize the risk of microbial contamination in public spaces to safeguard public health and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
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