Phytochemical analysis and the antiinflammatory activities of methanol extract of crateva adansonii

Thesis Overview

<p> 1.0 INTRODUCTION<br>Anti inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or<br>treatment that reduces inflammation. Anti –inflammatory drugs<br>make up about half of analgesics, reducing pain by inhibiting<br>inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central<br>nervous system published by Artemis Morris, molly Rossiter.<br>Inflammation (Latin, inflammo, “I ignite, set alight”) is part of<br>the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful<br>stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. The<br>classical signs of inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling<br>and loss of function by Dr Weil. Inflammation is a protective<br>attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and<br>initiate the healing process.<br>12<br>Inflammation is not a synonym for infection, even in cases where<br>inflammation is caused by infection. Although infection is caused<br>by a microorganism, and organism pathogen.<br>Inflammation is a setereotyped response and is considered as a<br>mechanism of innate immunity by Dr. Weil.<br>1.1 TYPES OF INFLAMMATION<br>Inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute<br>inflammation, is the initial response of the body to harmful<br>stimuli and is achieved by the increased movement of plasma and<br>leukocytes (especially granulocytes) from the blood into the<br>injured tissues.<br>Prolonged inflammation, known as chronic inflammation, leads<br>to a progressive shift in the type of cells present at the site of<br>inflammation and is characterized by simultaneous destruction<br>and healing of the tissues from the inflammatory process from<br>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.<br>13<br>1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.<br>Evaluation of the anti –inflammatory activity of crateva<br>adansonii (plant). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and<br>compare the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous sten bark<br>extract of crateva adansonii in experimental acute and chronic<br>inflammatory animal models. And to evaluate the phytochemical<br>constituents and pharmacological evaluation of the effect of<br>crateva adansonii on albino rats.<br>1.3 RATIONAL STUDY.<br>Crateva adansonii was described in 1824 by Augstin Pyramus de<br>candolle.<br>Crateva adansonii is a specie of a flowering tree in the<br>capparancea family, which is equally called the “sacred garlic<br>pear and temple plant,” and many other names in a variety of<br>dialects, including Balai lamoke, barnaj Vanina and bidasi. The<br>tree is sometimes called the spider tree because the showy<br>flowers bear long, spidery stamens. It is native to Japan,<br>14<br>Australia, much of South East Asia and several south practice<br>Islands India it is grown else where for fruit, especially in parts of<br>the African continents.<br>The fruit of the tree is edible. The flowers are attractive to a<br>multitude of insects and birds. The butterfly (Hebomoia<br>glaucippe) is a frequent visitor to this plant by Dr. Weil.<br>1.4 TAXONOMY<br>Crateva Adansonii is a species in the genus crateva, which<br>contains 8 species and belongs to the family of Capparacea (caper<br>family)<br>15<br>The taxonomy of crateva adansonii for classification includes the<br>following;<br>Kingdom: Plantae<br>Division: Angosperms<br>Class: Eudicots<br>sub-class: Rosids<br>Order: Brassicales<br>Family: Capparaceae<br>Genus: Crateva<br>Species: C. religiosa<br>1.5 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF CRATEVA ADANSONII<br>Unarmed, small deciduous tree, 6-15m tall, glabrous leaves 3 –<br>foliolate, petiolate, leaflet shorty petiolulate, elliptic, elliptic –<br>lanceolate, more or les olique, acuminate/ narrowed towards the<br>16<br>base, 5-12m long, (1-) 2.5 -6cm broad, herbaceous to<br>subcoriaceous, often turning brownish when dry, petiole (2.5) 4 –<br>8cm long flowers. 3-6cm across, sub irregular greenish white<br>turning yellowish after opening appearing before or just after the<br>flush of new leaves, pedicle 2-4cm long, 10-17mm wide, 2<br>adoxial ones generally what larger stamens usually 20-25,<br>gynophore generally 3-5cm long, slender thickened in fruit. Fruit<br>globose, 3-5cm in the development of fruit. Yellowish seeds<br>reinform at about 3-4mm in diam smooth brown. The flowers are<br>green and are arranged in racemes. The fruits are berries.<br>1.6 DISTRIBUTION<br>Crateva adansonii is native to tropical Africa, India, Srilanka,<br>Myanmar, Japan, Australia and much of South East Asia. <br></p>