Exploring the role of microRNAs in regulating gene expression in cancer cells

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play critical roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. In cancer, dysregulation of miRNAs has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression by affecting key signaling pathways. This thesis explores the role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression in cancer cells, with a focus on understanding how these small RNAs contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the study, giving background information on miRNAs and their involvement in cancer biology. The problem statement highlights the significance of investigating miRNA dysregulation in cancer cells, and the specific objectives of the study are outlined. The limitations and scope of the research are also discussed, along with the significance of the study and the structure of the thesis. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive literature review on miRNAs in cancer, covering ten key aspects including the biogenesis of miRNAs, their functions in normal cellular processes, and their dysregulation in various cancer types. This review sets the stage for understanding the current knowledge and gaps in the field. Chapter 3 details the research methodology employed in the study, including the experimental techniques used to analyze miRNA expression profiles in cancer cells. Eight key contents are covered, such as sample collection, RNA extraction, miRNA profiling techniques, and bioinformatics analysis of miRNA target genes. Chapter 4 discusses the findings of the study, presenting an in-depth analysis of how specific miRNAs are dysregulated in cancer cells and their impact on gene expression. The results are discussed in the context of known cancer pathways and potential therapeutic implications. Chapter 5 serves as the conclusion and summary of the thesis, summarizing the key findings, discussing their implications for cancer research, and suggesting future directions for further exploration. The study sheds light on the intricate regulatory roles of miRNAs in cancer cells and provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting miRNA dysregulation in cancer. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in cancer biology and highlights the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. The findings presented here pave the way for further research into the complex interplay between miRNAs and gene expression in cancer cells, offering new avenues for understanding and combatting this devastating disease.