Evaluation of the chemopreventive effects of balanite aegypticaand ziziphus spina-christy supplementon n-methyl-n-nitrosourea induced colon carcinogenesis in male wistar rats
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Chemopreventive Effects
- 2.2Balanite Aegyptica Supplement Literature Review
- 2.3Ziziphus Spina-Christy Supplement Literature Review
- 2.4N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Colon Carcinogenesis Review
- 2.5Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Development
- 2.6Previous Studies on Chemopreventive Effects
- 2.7Animal Models in Chemoprevention Research
- 2.8Clinical Trials on Chemopreventive Agents
- 2.9Challenges in Chemoprevention Research
- 2.10Future Directions in Chemoprevention Studies
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Methodology Overview
- 3.2Selection of Animal Model
- 3.3Preparation and Administration of Supplements
- 3.4Induction of Colon Carcinogenesis
- 3.5Monitoring and Assessment of Carcinogenesis
- 3.6Data Collection and Analysis Methods
- 3.7Statistical Analysis Techniques
- 3.8Ethical Considerations in Animal Studies
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Analysis of Chemopreventive Effects of Balanite Aegyptica Supplement
- 4.2Analysis of Chemopreventive Effects of Ziziphus Spina-Christy Supplement
- 4.3Comparison of Effects between Supplements
- 4.4Histological Examination of Colon Tissues
- 4.5Molecular Pathways Involved in Chemoprevention
- 4.6Discussion on Potential Mechanisms of Action
- 4.7Comparison with Previous Studies
- 4.8Implications for Future Research
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Conclusion and Summary
- 5.2Key Findings Recap
- 5.3Contributions to the Field
- 5.4Limitations and Future Directions
- 5.5Recommendations for Further Studies
Thesis Abstract
The colon carcinogenesis chemopreventive potential of different levels of Balanites aegyptica and Ziziphus spina-christy diets supplemented at 2.5%, 5% and 10% were examined on N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea induced colon carcinogenesis in male wistar rats. Following ten (10) weeks of induction with N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) and concomitant feeding with supplemented diets, it was observed that groups on diet supplemented with Balanites aegypticaand Ziziphus spina-christyshowed a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant (p˂0.05) increase in the body weight of the MNU treated with 10 % Balanites aegypticaand Ziziphus spina-christy supplemented diet group. The feeding rate among the treatment groups showed no significant (p˂0.05) difference. Furthermore, there was no significant (p˂0.05) difference in white blood cell, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and platelets. The MNU treated group that the diet was supplemented with the 10% Balanites aegypticaand Ziziphus spina-christy showed significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, while the photomicrograph of the colon of MNU control showed hyperchromiticity, atrophy of gland and necrosis compared to normal mucosal features observed in the normal control with normal colon features. These findings suggest that Balanites aegypticaand Ziziphus spina-christy especially at 10% supplementation level were able to provide a chemopreventive effect against colon carcinogenesis, probably because of their fiber, polyphenol and flavonoid contents.
Thesis Overview
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