EFFECTS OF SELENIUM TOXICITY AND DEFICIENCY ON HUMANS

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in human health. While selenium is necessary for various physiological functions, both selenium deficiency and toxicity can have significant impacts on human health. This research project aims to investigate the effects of selenium toxicity and deficiency on humans. Selenium deficiency is a concern in certain regions where the soil is low in selenium content, leading to low levels of selenium in crops grown in these areas. Inadequate selenium intake can result in various health problems, including increased risk of cardiovascular disease, compromised immune function, and cognitive decline. Pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, are particularly vulnerable to selenium deficiency. On the other hand, excessive selenium intake can lead to toxicity, which can have serious consequences for human health. Selenium toxicity can occur through the consumption of selenium-rich foods, supplements, or environmental exposure. Symptoms of selenium toxicity can range from mild effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances to more severe outcomes like hair loss, neurological abnormalities, and respiratory issues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying selenium toxicity and deficiency is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and mitigate these health risks. Selenium exerts its biological effects through selenoproteins, which play key roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Disruption of selenium homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired cellular function. This research project will investigate the impact of selenium toxicity and deficiency on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory responses, and cellular function in human cell cultures. By examining the molecular pathways affected by selenium imbalance, this study aims to provide insights into the potential mechanisms through which selenium influences human health. In conclusion, selenium is a trace element with dual roles in human health, where both deficiency and toxicity can have adverse effects. This research project will contribute to our understanding of the physiological consequences of selenium imbalance and may inform strategies for optimizing selenium status to promote human health and prevent selenium-related diseases.