EFFECTS OF SELENIUM TOXICITY AND DEFICIENCY ON HUMANS

Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Selenium is a trace element that is essential for human health, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. Both selenium toxicity and deficiency can have significant impacts on human health. This research project aims to investigate the effects of selenium toxicity and deficiency on humans. Selenium toxicity can occur when there is an excessive intake of selenium, either through diet, supplements, or environmental exposure. Chronic selenium toxicity can lead to selenosis, a condition characterized by symptoms such as hair and nail loss, garlic breath odor, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurological abnormalities. Acute selenium toxicity can result in more severe symptoms, including respiratory distress, heart failure, and even death. It is important to understand the sources of selenium exposure and factors that contribute to toxicity to prevent adverse health effects. On the other hand, selenium deficiency is a widespread issue globally, particularly in regions where the soil selenium content is low. Selenium deficiency can result in various health problems, including an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, compromised immune function, and thyroid disorders. In pregnant women, selenium deficiency can lead to complications such as preeclampsia and miscarriage. Understanding the consequences of selenium deficiency is crucial for developing strategies to address this nutritional deficiency and improve public health outcomes. This research project will explore the mechanisms through which selenium toxicity and deficiency affect human health at the molecular and cellular levels. It will investigate how selenium interacts with various biological pathways and enzymes, impacting processes such as antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. By elucidating these mechanisms, this research aims to provide insights into the pathophysiology of selenium-related disorders and identify potential therapeutic targets for intervention. Furthermore, this project will examine the diagnostic methods available for assessing selenium status in individuals, including blood tests and hair analysis. Understanding how to accurately measure selenium levels in the body is essential for identifying individuals at risk of toxicity or deficiency and guiding appropriate interventions. Overall, this research project will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of selenium toxicity and deficiency on human health, with the ultimate goal of improving public health strategies and promoting optimal selenium nutrition for overall well-being.