Comparative properties of the methyl and ethyl esters produced from avocado (persea americana) pulp oil | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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Comparative properties of the methyl and ethyl esters produced from avocado (persea americana) pulp oil

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Esters
  • 2.2Chemical Properties of Methyl Esters
  • 2.3Chemical Properties of Ethyl Esters
  • 2.4Production Methods of Methyl Esters
  • 2.5Production Methods of Ethyl Esters
  • 2.6Applications of Methyl Esters
  • 2.7Applications of Ethyl Esters
  • 2.8Comparative Analysis of Methyl and Ethyl Esters
  • 2.9Environmental Impact of Methyl Esters
  • 2.10Environmental Impact of Ethyl Esters

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Design
  • 3.2Sampling Method
  • 3.3Data Collection Techniques
  • 3.4Data Analysis Procedures
  • 3.5Research Variables
  • 3.6Research Ethics
  • 3.7Instrumentation
  • 3.8Data Validity and Reliability

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of Findings
  • 4.2Comparative Analysis Results
  • 4.3Discussion on Chemical Properties
  • 4.4Discussion on Production Methods
  • 4.5Discussion on Applications
  • 4.6Environmental Impact Analysis
  • 4.7Comparison of Environmental Impacts
  • 4.8Implications and Recommendations

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Summary of Findings
  • 5.2Conclusion
  • 5.3Implications for Future Research
  • 5.4Recommendations for Practice
  • 5.5Contributions to Knowledge

Thesis Abstract

Biodiesel was produced from Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp oil by trans esterification with methanol and ethanol (61 methanol/ethanol-to-oil ratio) using 0.09% sodium hydroxide as catalyst in 60 minutes reaction time. The percentage yield of the methyl ester was 78% while that of the ethyl ester yield was 66%. Avocado pulp oil (APO) biodiesel obtained in each case showed good qualities on characterization with the fuel properties showing good qualities and promising diverse applications for various purposes. The brown coloured APO methyl ester was of similar acid value (0.8) with the standard ASTM D6751, with relative density (0.86) similar with that of the standard ASTM D975 petrodiesel but with slightly higher kinematic viscosity (8.1cst) than those of petrodiesel, while the ethyl ester has a higher acid value (1.26) and the relative density was 0.01 above that of petrodiesel. The pour point of the methyl eroster (-40C) and that of the ethyl ester (-20C) were within the standards specified by ASTM D975 for petrodiesel and ASTM D6751 for biodiesel.

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