ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION | Blazingprojects Postgraduate Thesis
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ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Trace Elements
  • 2.2Importance of Trace Elements in Human Health
  • 2.3Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Functions
  • 2.4Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Under-Five Children
  • 2.5Relationship Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
  • 2.6Studies on Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes in Children
  • 2.7Impact of Malnutrition on Antioxidant Enzymes
  • 2.8Factors Affecting Trace Element Levels in Children
  • 2.9Methods for Assessing Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
  • 2.10Current Trends in Research on Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Design and Rationale
  • 3.2Sampling Methods and Participants
  • 3.3Data Collection Techniques
  • 3.4Variables and Measurements
  • 3.5Data Analysis Procedures
  • 3.6Ethical Considerations
  • 3.7Reliability and Validity
  • 3.8Research Limitations

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of Research Findings
  • 4.2Relationship Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
  • 4.3Impact of Malnutrition on Trace Element Levels
  • 4.4Gender Differences in Trace Element Status
  • 4.5Age-Related Variations in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
  • 4.6Comparison with Previous Studies
  • 4.7Discussion on Methodological Approaches
  • 4.8Implications for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Summary of Findings
  • 5.2Conclusions
  • 5.3Contributions to the Field
  • 5.4Recommendations for Practice
  • 5.5Suggestions for Further Research

Thesis Abstract

Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes was carried out on 98 under-five children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and 98 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children (control). The malnourished children involve those with Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. Venous blood (2ml) was collected from both PEM children and control for biochemical analysis using standard methods. Results obtained show that mean serum total protein (55.76±3.95) and albumin (26.43±2.78) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (1.87±0.32) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (42.38±5.03) activities in malnourished children were significantly lower.



Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p>Severe malnutrition is common among developing countries both in rural and urban areas (Psaki et al., 2012).It is responsible for at least half of the 7.6 million child‟sdeaths each year indeveloping countries (Park et al., 2012). Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year (UNICEF, 2008). Malnutrition magnifies the effects of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which malnutrition is an underlying cause are diarrhoea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%) and measles (45%) (Black et al., 2003). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent and devastating forms of malnutrition in the world (Whitney and Rolfes, 2008).</p><p></p><br> <br><p></p>

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