Comparative Analysis of Feed Efficiency between Indigenous and Commercial Chicken Breeds

Thesis Abstract

In the context of escalating global food security challenges and the need for sustainable poultry production, optimizing feed efficiency among chicken breeds remains a pertinent concern for both smallholder farmers and commercial producers. Indigenous chicken breeds are often valued for their adaptability and disease resistance, while commercial breeds are favored for rapid growth and higher productivity. However, comparative analyses of their feed efficiency, an essential indicator of production effectiveness and economic viability, are limited in scope and context-specific. This study aims to evaluate and compare the feed efficiency of indigenous versus commercial chicken breeds, with specific objectives to determine differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR), assess influence of breed type on growth parameters, and identify potential genetic and environmental factors affecting feed utilization. The research employs a comparative cross-sectional design, involving a total sample of 200 chickens comprising 100 indigenous (n=100) and 100 commercial (n=100) birds, selected through stratified random sampling from two poultry farms representing typified breed populations. Data collection involves systematic measurement of feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio over a 12-week growth period, utilizing calibrated digital scales and standardized feed formulations. Additional data on environmental conditions and management practices are gathered via structured questionnaires. The validity and reliability of data collection instruments are ensured through pre-testing and calibration, while ethical considerations include obtaining appropriate institutional approvals and ensuring humane treatment of animals throughout the study. Quantitative data are analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize breed-specific feed intake and growth characteristics, followed by inferential analyses including ANOVA to test for significant differences in FCR between breeds and multiple regression analysis to identify determinants of feed efficiency. The study also incorporates the use of the Cobb-Douglas production function as a theoretical framework to model the relationship between feed input and growth output, and adopts the G×E (Genotype by Environment) interaction theory to interpret breed-environment dynamics influencing feed utilization. Expected findings indicate that commercial chicken breeds will demonstrate a statistically significant superior feed conversion ratio compared to indigenous breeds, driven by genetic selection for rapid growth. However, indigenous breeds are anticipated to exhibit better adaptation to local environmental conditions, with potentially comparable feed efficiency in low-input systems. The analysis is expected to reveal that environmental factors such as housing conditions and feed quality significantly influence feed efficiency alongside breed-specific attributes. These findings aim to fill existing gaps in literature regarding breed-specific feed efficiency in specific agro-ecological contexts, contributing to the development of breed-specific management strategies and genetic improvement programs tailored to sustainable poultry production. This study's contribution to knowledge lies in providing empirical data on the comparative feed efficiency of indigenous and commercial chicken breeds within a defined local context, elucidating the genetic and environmental interactions that underpin feed utilization efficiency. The main conclusion emphasizes the importance of breed selection aligned with specific production systems and environmental conditions. It recommends targeted breeding strategies, optimized feed management practices, and further research into the genetic basis of feed efficiency traits, especially within indigenous breeds. Additionally, the study advocates for integrative approaches combining genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors to enhance overall productivity and sustainability in poultry farming.