Thesis Abstract

This project is an attempt to study population distribution in Achara Layout Enugu, in Enugu State through integration of Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The Remote sensing data used in this study included high spatial resolution Quick Bird imagery. Questionnaires were given out for use in generating the desired product in an interactive GIS environment. Field site capturing was based on basic survey principle, technique and instruction. Field work was done to determine the type of building appearing in the satellite imagery and the no of rooms estimated, thus a standard family size gotten. After estimating the population size of Achara Layout, the result was compared to the population data gotten from National Population Commission for Achara Layout Enugu state which was divided into two as it comprised of data for Achara Layout and Idaw River Layout Enugu as directed by National Population Commission Enugu. The methodology involved carrying out a user needs assessment, collection of map from Enugu State Town Planning Department of Ministry of Land, collection of Population census data from National Population Commission, rigorous field work, data processing, comparison of results and presentation of results. The average difference between the population recorded in the 2006 then projected to 2015, and that estimated from Quick Bird images for Achara Layout Enugu, is found to be equal to 1.61%. Results from Arc GIS were presented in form of map while results from Microsoft Excel environment were presented in form of table.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION1.1 BACK GROUND OF STUDYAlthough numerous estimates of the Nigerian population were made during the colonial period, the first attempt at a nationwide census was during1952-53. This attempt yielded a total population figure of 31.6 million within the current boundaries of the country. This census has usually been consideredan undercount for a number of reasons: apprehension that the census was related to tax collection; political tension at the time in eastern Nigeria;logistical difficulties in reaching many remote areas; and inadequate training of enumerators in some areas. The extent of undercounting has been estimated at 10 percent or less, although accuracy probably varied among the regions.Despite its difficulties, the 1952-53 census has generally been seen as less problematic than any of its successors. Subsequent attempts to conduct areliable post-independence census have been mired in controversy, and only one was officially accepted. A good census estimate of a country populationcan help a country plan for present and future development and so much more.The data generated from population census are analyzed and used to calculate for various needs like gender ratio, indigenes and non-indigenes, migrants and immigrants e.t.c However, remotely sensed data offers the means to measurespatial attributes of the urban landscape. In the past, researchers remain depended on "Aerial Photographs" because of their fine spatial resolution toget accurate data about size of houses and their volumes and consequently estimates of population (Adeniyi, 1983; Lo and Chan, 1980).In addition tothat, remotely sensed data provide a wider spectral coverage (number of bands). Due to these advantages, there is a general trend towards usingremotely sensed data for census studies.The rapid growth of computer technology, such as Geographic Information System (GIS), has been widely used in various fields since it was being bornin year 1989. A GIS is a powerful configuration of computer hardware and software used for compiling, storing, managing, manipulating, analyzing, andmapping (displaying) spatially-referenced information. (Haestad Methods,2003).The use of GIS for population studies ranges from creation of maps to modelling the relationship between population variables (Baudot, 2001;Forbes, 1984; Langford and Unwin, 1994; Martin, 1989; Rhind, 1991. This project presents the integration of Geographic Information System(GIS) and remote sensing to carry out some modeling related to population density. The integration normally takes the form of using remote sensing dataas a source of data or using GIS as in-situ tool. The results of analysis are integrated for further spatial analysis.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThere is need to represent properly the number of populace living in every location. The inability to properly represent the figures or get a fairlyaccurate census figure has contributed to poor planning, poor decision making and implementation. The need to adequately represent fair estimate of thepopulation size is paramount and can never be over emphasized. Population census process has been marred logistical difficulties in reaching many remoteareas, inadequate training of enumerators, inconsistent data management process e.t.c Inability to manage acquired data can lead to poor data analysisand usage. Previous studies have shown the importance of integrating remote sensing with GIS for population studies (Donnay, 1992; Harris and Ventura,1995; Wilkinson, 1996). The integration normally takes the form of using remote sensing data as a source of data or using GIS as in-situ tool (Sadler and Barnsley, 1990).1.3 AIMThe aim of this project is to estimate the population of Achara Layout in Enugu State using remote Sensing and GIS Technology.1.4 OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this project are to:i. To estimate the population of Achara Layout using Remote Sensingand GIS to population studies in Enugu State of Nigeria.ii. Compare the population data gotten from National populationcommission for Achara Layout, Enugu state and that estimatedusing GIS and Remote sensing methods for Achara Layout, EnuguState.iii. Show the population density in Achara Layout Enugu State Nigeria.1.5 SCOPE OF WORKA good census estimate of a country population can help a country plan for present and future development and so much more. The datagenerated from population census are analyzed and used to calculate for various needs like gender ratio, indigenes and non-indigenes, migrants andimmigrants e.t.c. Attempts to conduct a reliable post-independence census have been mired in controversy especially using the traditional methods ofhead counting. Modern GIS & Remote Sensing is capable of fulfilling many of these requirements for an automated Population Census estimation within ashort period of time. The Data so obtained shall be used for future projections using certain parameter obtained on field visitation-The scope of work revolves around Achara Layout Enugu, Enugu State as this is a good site to show case some of the capabilities of GIS because this area isfully built up and its right about the oldest layout settlement in Enugu Metropolis.1.6 STUDY AREAEnugu is a large city in the Eastern region of the Nigeria with geographic coordinates 6°30′N 7°30′E. Enugu State is one of the states in theeastern part of Nigeria and occupies a total area of 7,161 km2 (2,765 Sq.mi)The state shares borders with Abia State and Imo State to the south, EbonyiState to the east, Benue State to the northeast, Kogi State to the northwest and Anambra State to the west. Enugu State has a population of over 3.3 millionpeople and counting. It is home of the Igbo of south-eastern Nigeria.Achara Layout is located in Enugu South of Enugu State of Nigeria. Enugu South is a local Government Area of Enugu State. Its headquarters arein the city of Enugu. It has an area of about 106 km² and a population of about 244,852 at the 2006 census.Achara Layout is one of the areas of Enugu that was mapped out in the 1960s and has grown from a residential suburb to a major commercial areaespecially along Agbani Road, the main high street; the streets are heavily built up. It can be assessed from all parts of Enugu. The figure 1 is the Google Image of Achara Layout.1.7 BENEFITS AND CONTRIBUTIONSThe use of Geographic information system shall benefit National Population Commission and contribute to the development of Nigeria in thefollowing ways:1. Site location2. Provision and Access to social amenities information where detailed attributes about individual age distribution and human concentration are obtained, etc.3. Availability of population data which is accessible via GIS and is easily updated4. Availability of digital maps that can be used as guides.5. Creation of as-built drawings that have been geo-referenced and digitized.6. Field access to flexible data, based on street- aids in finding street and information about areas, and other information can still be inputted.7. Used existing building, to build an integrated building / block system data source.8. It can be used to define long and short term action for map updates and data cleanup that will move the City forward for the long term data set and data management.9. Creation of Zone maps, boundary maps were very important; this will assist in planning and organizing excavation, rehabilitation and election voting systematically.10. It can be used to coordinate and manage Service calls since location of streets and building information can be viewable in GIS.11. Ability to view other City facilities and data in conjunction with street data.12. Draw and design plan and profile of streets.13. It can improve better head counting of populates.14. Provision of improved operational efficiencies.15. Ability to query to extract information16. Time and money savings17. Better and timely decisions